Loper v. Beto
Supreme Court of the United States
Loper v. Beto, Corrections Director, et al.
Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
No. 70-5388. Argued: January 13, 1972 --- Decided: March 22, 1972
For the purpose of impeaching petitioner's credibility, the prosecutor in petitioner's 1947 rape trial was permitted to interrogate him about his previous criminal record. Petitioner admitted four felony convictions during the period 1931-1940. He was found guilty by the jury and was sentenced to a term of 50 years. He filed a petition for habeas corpus in Federal District Court alleging that the previous convictions were constitutionally invalid under Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, because he had been denied the assistance of counsel. The District Court denied relief and the Court of Appeals Affirmed, stating that the "fact that there are possible infirmities in the evidence does not necessarily raise an issue of constitutional proportions which would require reversal."
Held: The judgment is vacated and the case is remanded to the Court of Appeals for further proceedings. Pp. 480-485.
440 F. 2d 934, vacated and remanded.
MR. JUSTICE STEWART, joined by MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS, MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN, and MR. JUSTICE MARSHALL, concluded that the use of convictions constitutionally invalid under Gideon v. Wainwright, supra, to impeach a defendant's credibility deprives him of due process of law. Pp. 480-483.
MR. JUSTICE WHITE concluded that although the Court of Appeals erred, on remand that court does not necessarily have to set petitioner's conviction aside. There remain unresolved issues: whether petitioner was represented by counsel at his earlier trials and, if not, whether he waived counsel; and the possibility of a finding of harmless error, all of which should be considered in the first instance by the lower court. P. 485.
STEWART, J., announced the Court's judgment and delivered an opinion, in which DOUGLAS, BRENNAN, and MARSHALL, JJ., joined. WHITE, J., filed an opinion concurring in the result, post, p. 485. BURGER, C.J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which POWELL, J., joined, post, p. 485. BLACKMUN, J., filed a dissenting opinion, post, p. 494. REHNQUIST, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which BURGER, C.J., and BLACKMUN and POWELL, JJ., joined, post, p. 497.
John T. Cabaniss, by appointment of the Court, 404 U.S. 954, argued the cause for petitioner. With him on the brief was Dan G. Matthews.
Robert Darden, Assistant Attorney General of Texas, argued the cause for respondents. With him on the brief were Crawford C. Martin, Attorney General, Nola White, First Assistant Attorney General, Alfred Walker, Executive Assistant Attorney General, and Robert C. Flowers, Assistant Attorney General.