opposition. The English foot sought refuge in a wood, and the horse in covering their retreat, were attacked by a fresh body of Scots, defeated with some
loss, and their commanders made prisoners. The scattered parties escaped
under cover of night, to carry dismay and confusion into the main body. The
loss was inconsiderable, but the rout was complete. The English horse, who but
the day before had left Newcastle with their swords drawn, threatening to kill
each a dozen of covenanters, made their way into the town in a state of the utmost disorder and dismay, crying, as they rode full speed through the streets, for
a guide to Durham ; and having strewed the roads behind them with their arms,
which they had thrown away in their haste to escape. The Scottish army rested
that night upon the ground which the English had occupied, one regiment being
still on the north side of the Tyne with the baggage, which the return of the
tide had prevented being brought across. Despatches for the governor and mayor
of Newcastle, of the same respectful character as had been formerly sent, were
prepared on the morning of Saturday ; but the committee learning that the
garrison had abandoned it during the night, and retired with lord Conway to
join the main army at York, it was thought proper to advance without ceremony.
The army accordingly moved to Whiggam, within two miles of Newcastle, where
they encamped for the night, and next morning, Sunday the 30th of August,
the mayor sent an invitation to enter the town. The troops were accordingly
marched into a field near the suburbs, after which the gates were thrown open,
and the committee, with the principal leaders, entered the town in state, Sir
Thomas Hope's troop marshalling the way, and the laird of West Quarter's
company of foot keeping the post at the end of the bridge. The whole company were fronted at the house of the lord mayor, who was astonished to observe that they all drank his majesty's health. After dinner the company repaired to the great church of St Nicholas, where a thanksgiving sermon was preached by Mr Henderson. In the town they found next day between four and five thousand stand of arms, five thousand pounds' weight of cheese, some hundreds of bolls of pease and rye, a quantity of hard fish, with abundance of beer; which had been provided for the king's troops, but now was taken possession of by his enemies.
Nothing could be more encouraging than the prospects of the covenanters at this time. The same day in which they gained the victory at Newburn, the castle of Dumbarton, then reckoned an impregnable fortress, surrendered to their friends in Scotland, as did shortly after that of Edinburgh ; and the capture of Newcastle was speedily followed by the acquisition of Durham, Tynemouth, and Shields. The number and the splendour of these successes, with the delightful anticipations which they naturally called forth, could not fail to strike every pious mind among the Scots; and a day was most appropriately set apart by the army, as a day of fasting and prayer, in acknowledgment of their sense of the divine goodness. Stafford who, from bad health, had not yet come into action, was hastening to the combat, when he met his discomfited army at Durham; and, from the ill-timed haughtiness which he displayed, was soon the only enemy his army was desirous to overcome. His soldiers even went the length of vindicating their conduct at Newburn; affirming, that no man could wish success to the war against the Scots, without at the same time wishing the enslavement of England. The prudent magnanimity of the Scots, who, far from being elated with the victory, deplored the necessity of being obliged to shed the blood of their English brethren, not only supported , but heightened the favourable opinion that had been from the beginning entertained of them. Their prisoners, too, they treated not only with civility, but with such soothing and affectionate kindness, as insured their gratitude, and called forth the plaudits of the whole nation.
