We also find the negatives compounded with the verbs, which is occasionally the case in the other Slavonic languages:—
After the verbs zapověděli, to forbid; brdniti, to restrain; zdrSovati, to hold back, and vystříhali, to warn, the condi- tional is used with the negative aby ne; so also after verbs expressing fear, denial, dispute, and similar ideas.
bez, without; before two consonants beze, as bez přátel, without friends; beze vsého spojení, without any communication.
do, to, as navrátili do Cech, to bring back to Bohemia.
die, after, according to, as die jme'na jeho, according to his name ; dle starodávné pověsti, according to the ancient tradition.
podle(é), vedle(é), close by, along, as podle řeky, along the river.
kolo, okolo, kolem, vůkol, around.
kromě, except, as kromě knihy, except the book.
krom toho, besides that.
od(e), by, from, as jsem chválen od pana učitele, I am praised by the teacher; od východa, from the east; frequently used to express the agent, like our ' by'; uprázdněná od nich místa, the places de- serted by them ; u, at, by, as stojím u vody, I stand by the water2.
z(e\ out of, as ze školy, out of the school; v bitvě ze vsěch nejkrvavějši, in a battle the most sanguinary of all8.
1 Cf. Chaucer, I n'am; there n'is.
2 It is identical with v{ve), about which see a little further on. The identity of these prepositions is quite conspicuous in the Serbian language.
3 The genitive is also used after many adverbs which are used as preposi- tions, as blisko, near; drahně, much, &c.
nejsem, I am not nejsi, thou art not není, he is not
nejsme, we are not nejste, you are not nejsou, they are notl.
PREPOSITIONS.
A. Prepositions with the Genitive.
