to foreigners. A manifesto was prepared by all the consuls resident in Valparaiso and transmitted to their respective home governments; in this the bombardment was severely denounced.
The blockade of Valparaiso was raised on the 14th of April, and the Spanish fleet sailed north to begin the blockade of Callao. On the 2nd of May an action took place between the fleet and the Callao batteries which resulted in the repulse of the attack. The Spanish fleet retired to the island of San Lorenzo just outside the harbor. Nuñez was wounded in the engagement and afterward died of his wound. Galvez, the Peruvian minister of war, was killed in a magazine explosion, during the attack. Soon after the war was abandoned and the Spanish fleet withdrew, but it was a long time before the matter was settled on a peace basis.
The Chilean government now issued a decree ordering all Spanish residents in the republic to quit the country or take out naturalization papers ; this resulted in a large number of Spaniards becoming citizens. Those who were not willing to submit to the decree retired to Buenos Ayres.
The presidential election of this year was not marked by any unusual circumstance, and resulted in the re-election of President Perez by a majority of two-thirds of the electors. The radicals of the liberal party and the nationals, or Montt-Varistas, sought to create an effective opposition by charging that the president and his war minister, Fredrico Errazuriz, had not brought the war with Spain to a satisfactory conclusion, for the matter was in abeyance a long time afterward ; that ships which had been purchased in the United States for the war had been sold to merchants at a great sacrifice when actual hostilities had ceased'; that the for-
