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Jj/ 440 A HISTORY OF CHILE Art. 81 The President of the Republic is entrusted with the administration and government of the State, and his authority extends to everything that has for its object the preservation of public order in the interior, and the exterior safety of the Republic; and with guarding and having guarded the constitution and the laws. Art. 82 The following are special prerogatives of the President; ist. To assist in the making of the laws in accordance with the constitution, and to sanction and promulgate the same. 2d. To issue such decrees, regulations and directions as he may judge necessary for the execution of the laws. 3d. To watch over the oflScial conduct of judges and other judicial ofBcers; and, to this end, he may have recourse to the public author- ities, for the enforcement of disciplinary measures in the proper court, or, if there be sufficient grounds, for formulating the necessary charges. 4th. To prorogue the ordinary sessions of Congress for a period of fifty days. 5th. To convoke the same with the consent of the Council of State in extraordinary session. gth. To appoint and remove at will the Cabinet Ministers and officials of the departments, the Councillors of State of his own choos- ing. Ministers to foreign countries, consuls and other foreign agents, civil and military governors. 7th. To appoint the judges of the superior courts of justice, and those of first instance, at the proposal of the Council of State, in con- formity with part second of Article 104. 8th. To present in threes for appointment as archbishops, bishops and other dignitaries of cathedrals, such persons as may be proposed by the Council of State. The person selected by the President for archbishop or bishop must also receive the approval of the Senate. gth. To fill the other civil and military offices in accord with the Senate, and, when this body is not in session, by agreement with the Standing Committee, conferring the grades of colonel, naval captains and other superior officers of the army and navy. On the field of battle he may appoint such superior officers at will. loth. To dismiss public employes for incompetency or other reas- on affecting injuriously the public service; but with the consent of the Senate, or during the recess of the same with that of the Standing Committee, in the case of chiefs of bureaus or higher employes, and