years in all the cities where foreigners were massacred or cruelly treated; the erection by China of expiatory monuments in all foreign cemeteries which had been desecrated; prohibition of the importation of firearms for two years; a quarter of Peking set aside for the legations, with the right to maintain foreign guards; the Taku forts to be razed; certain points, named, between the capital and the sea to be occupied by foreign troops; the death penalty to be inflicted on all who become members of anti-foreign societies; viceroys and all subordinate officials to be dismissed where anti-foreign riots occur and the authors are not punished; new treaties of commerce to be negotiated, and the river navigation to Tientsin and Shanghai to be improved; the Tsung-li-Yamen abolished and succeeded by a new board, the Wai-wu Pu, which should take precedence over the other ministries; and a court ceremonial agreed upon in conformity with Western usage.[1]
The influence of the United States was plainly noticeable throughout the negotiations, especially in restraining radical measures and in modifying the action respecting the indemnities. While it supported the efforts to punish the really guilty leaders, and was firm in demanding measures which would guarantee the protection of American citizens and interests for the future,
- ↑ For negotiations, U. S. For. Rel. 1900, pp. 285–382; Rockhill's Report, S. Ex. Doc. 67, 57th Cong. 1st Sess., published also as appendix to For. Rel. 1901; Secretary Hay's note, July 3, 1900, Rockhill's Report, 12; Russia's announcement, Aug. 28, ib. 19; German note, Sept. 18, ib. 23; British-German agreement, Oct. 16, ib. 31; French basis of negotiations, Oct. 4, ib. 26; joint note of powers, Dec. 22, ib. 59; statement of indemnities, ib. 225; final protocol, ib. 312.
