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feat by, 248; Ward conducted to Peking by direction of emperor of, 249; audience question prevents exchange of ratifications with, 251; Ward leaves Peking without exchanging ratifications with, 252; Ward retires as minister to, 253; Williams, chargé of American legation in, 253; unattractiveness of mission to, 253; Elgin and Gros return to, in 1860, with large force, 254; allies capture Taku forts and march to Peking, 254; result of war between Great Britain and France and, 254; Tsung-li Yamen established to conduct foreign affairs of, 257; Burlingame appointed American minister to, 258; adoption of "a policy of coöperation," by foreign ministers to, 258; forbids entrance of Confederate cruisers into its ports, 259; progress of, in Western learning, 261; Burlingame appointed envoy of, to Western powers, 263; Burlingame embassy of, 263; return of embassy to, on death of Burlingame, 264; treaty between United States and (1868), 265; riots against missionaries at Tientsin, in 1870, 268; regency of empress dowager ceases, 268; audience question again raised in, 269, 270; laborers imported into Hawaii from, for sugar plantations, 271; youths sent to United States from, to be educated, 272; coolie trade of, 275; indifference of government of, to coolie trade, 277; commission sent by, to investigate condition of coolies in Cuba, 279; congressional consideration of immigration from, 286; commission sent to, to secure modification of treaty as to Chinese immigration, 294; treaty between United States and (1880), relative to immigration, 294; United States prohibits opium trade by treaty with, 295; Great Britain declines to entertain proposal of, to suppress opium trade, 297; treaty between United States and (1888), negotiated but not finally ratified, 300; treaty between United States and (1894), 302; attitude of, in regard to Chinese immigration, 306; early relations of Korea with, 307; disclaims control over Korea, 320; interdicts Korea from sending minister to United States, 327; inconsistent attitude of, toward Korea, 328; United States opposes and ignores attitude of, as to Korean ministers, 329; opposes Japanese attempt to secure influence in Korea, 332; rivalry of, and Japan in Korea causes war of 1894, 332; war of 1894 between Japan and, see Chinese-Japanese War; places interests of its subjects in Japan in hands of United States, 335; cession to Japan by, of Liaotung Peninsula, Formosa, and Pescadores islands, 340; treaty of peace between Japan and (1895), 340; part taken by Americans in peace negotiations between Japan and, 341; Gen. Grant aids in settling dispute between Japan and, covering Lew Chew Islands, 350; Russia, Germany, and France combine in favor of, after war with Japan, 361; troubles in, closely following cession of Philippines to United States, 407; Boxer outbreak in, 408; anti-foreign sentiment in, 409; classes of foreigners in, 409; missionary movement in, 409; progress of Christianity in, 410; anti- Christian riots in, 410; usefulness of missionaries socially and politically in, 411; missions not chief cause of Boxer uprising, 412; effect of Western commerce on industries of, 412; construction of railroads in, a cause of anti-foreign feeling, 413; foreign commercial invasion of, 413; political aggressions in, most potent in causing Boxer uprising, 414; seizure of territory of, by Germany and Russia, 414; leases Wei-hai-wei to Great Britain, 415; France secures territorial concessions in southern provinces of, 415; progress of Boxer uprising in, 417; reforms attempted by emperor of, 417; emperor of, practically dethroned and reformers punished, 418; increase of anti-foreign sentiment in, 418; allies attack Taku forts in, 419; Boxers in, seize railroad stations, 419; German minister to, murdered by Boxers, 419; repulse of relief column on march to Peking, 419; siege of legations in Peking, 419; empress dowager and government of, in sympathy with Boxers, 421; change of policy of United States in sending troops to,