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BULL 168 BULL to have been a catholic one, with the excep- tion of refraction and physiological optics, which curiously enough docs not seem to have interested him greatly during the period of rapid evolution of this most brilliant branch of the completest of all our specialties. He died in New York City, April 17, 1911. Howard A. Kelly. Trans. Amer. Ophthal. Soc, vol. xxi, Part iii. Carmalt. Portrait. Amer. Encydop. of Ophthal., vol. ii, p. 1329. Bull, William (1710-1791) William Bull, physician, judge and admin- istrator, was born in 1710 in South Carolina. He was the son of William Bull, lieutenant- governor of South Carolina (1738-1743). Af- ter distinguishing himself in his studies at home, he went to Europe and became a pupil of Boerhaave, the famous Leyden physician, and was the first American who graduated there in medicine (1735). Van Swieten spoke of him as " the learned Dr. Bull." After his return to this country he was very active in the civil life of his state. He was assistant judge 1740-1749; brigadier-general of provin- cial troops 1751-1759; member of the Colonial council of South Carolina 1751 ; commissioner to treat with the Six Nations in that same year, having considerable knowledge of Indian affairs; speaker of the house of representa- tives 1763; and lieutenant-governor of South Carolina from 1764-1780, assuming govern- ment of the province from 1760-1761, 1764- 1766, 1768-1771, and 1773-1775. He was one of the ablest and most popular administrators the province ever had and took a leading part in the stirring events that preceded the revo- lution. He was an ardent royalist, but was unmolested by the revolutionary authorities; he left for England in 1782 with the British troops and spent the remainder of his life there in voluntary exile. He was married in 1746 to Hannah Beal; they had no chirdren. Dr. Bull held a difficult position in trouble- some days, but he adhered to the line of duty so strictly that he was loved and honored by all clasess. He died in London July 4, 1791. Appleton's Cyclop. Amer. Biog., vol. i, p. 145. National Cyclop. Amer. Biog., vol. xii, p. 158. Bull, William TiUinghast (1849-1909) One of New York's leading surgeons, W. T. Bull, son of Henry B. and Henrietta Melville Bull, was born in Newport, Rhode Island, May 18, 1849. His first American ancestor was Henry Bull, born in Wales in 1609 and one of the nine founders of Aquidneck (New- port), Rhode Island, and twice made governor of the colony. William graduated from Har- vard with his A. B. in 1869, received his M. D. from the College of Physicians and Sur- geons in the City of New York, 1872, and af- ter an interneship in Bellevue Hospital and two years' study in Europe, settled for prac- tice in New York City. He was in charge of the New York Dispensary from 1875 to 1877; of the Chambers Street Hospital im 1877 and 1878; visiting surgeon to the New York Hos- pital, 1883 ; visiting surgeon to St. Luke's Hos- pital from 1880 to 1883 ; consulting surgeon to the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled, to the Roosevelt, to the Woman's, and to the State Emigrants' hospitals. He began his teaching work in his alma mater in 1879 as demonstrator of anatomy, and was made pro- fessor of practice of surgery and clinical sur- gery in 1889. He was a fellow of the Ameri- can Surgical Association and of the New York Academy of Medicine, and a member of many other scientific societies. It was while Dr. Bull was at the Chambers Street Hospital, New York, that a woman with two gunshot wounds of the abdomen was brought to the hospital and died soon afterward. The autopsy convinced the young surgeon that by incision the intestines might have been taken out, sutured and returned to the abdomen with a life saved. Shortly af- terward a man with a similar wound became the subject of a successful operation, and Dr. Bull's method of procedure was very gener- ally copied by surgeons, especially in emer- gency cases. ■ He was highly esteemed by the medical pro- fession of the United States, not only because of his skill as a surgeon, but for his sound judgment and the zealous application which he gave to his cases. Dr. Bull was a frequent contributor to the medical literature, writing much on hernia, of which he made a special study. Other articles were : "Remarkable Cases of Fracture," 1878; "Notes on Cases of Hernia which have re- lapsed after Operation," 1891 ; "On Three Cases of Pylorectomy with Gastroenterostomy," 1891. In collaboration with Dr. William B. Coley he wrote a treatise that was afterwards re- printed, "Results of Fifteen Hundred Opera- tions for the Radical Cure of Hernia in Chil- dren Performed at the Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled Between 1891 and 1904." With Coley he wrote the chapters on hernia in "Dennis' System of Surgery," 1896, and in