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CATHRALL 202 CHADWICK Cathrall, Isaac (1763-1819) A native of Philadelphia, where he was born in 1763, Isaac Cathrall studied medicine under Dr. John Redman, then went abroad to add to his knowledge in London, Edinburgh and Paris. During the yellow-fever epidemics of 1793, and 1797-9 he distinguished himself by re- maining in the city and doing valiant work, losing no opportunity to study also the disease scientifically and performing autopsies on some of the victims. The results of these studies were embodied in several publications, and in 1802 he, with Dr. William Currie (q. v.), pub- lished their observations on an epidemic fever prevailing that year in Philadelphia. He also wrote a medical sketch of the "Synochus Maligna or Malignant Contagious Fever as it lately appeared in the city of Philadelphia," 1794, and edited "Buchan's Domestic Medi- cine, adapted to the Climate and Diseases of America," Philadelphia, 1797. He was a sur- geon of the city almshouse from 1810 to 1816. He died on the twenty-second of Febru- ary, 1819, of apoplexy; and Thacher describes him as "a well-bred gentleman of rigid morality and inflexible integrity." Francis R. Packard. Amer. Med. Biog., J. Thacher, 1828. Appleton's Cyclop. Amer. Biog., New York, 1887. Caverly, Charies Solomon (1856-1918) Charles Solomon Caverly, authority on pub- lic health questions and specialist on infantile paralysis, was born in Troy, New Hampshire, September 30, 1856, son of Abiel Moore Caverly, a practising physician, and Sarah L. Goddard. He received his early education in the high schools of Pittsford and Brandon, Vermont, and at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, New Hampshire; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1878 and received his M. D. at the Univer- sity of Vermont in 1881, having the advantage, also, of eighteen months' study at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. He settled to practise in Rutland, Vermont, in 1883, and soon became interested in public health and was health officer of Rutland, professor of hygiene at the University of Vermont, and after 1891, president of the State Board of Health, and active in securing the progressive legislation which has given Vermont her high public health rating. Dr. Caverly has written many articles on poliomyelitis and was author of the original report of the first big epidemic of infantile paralysis, published in the New York Medical Record, December 1, 1894. Interested also in the cure and prevention of tuberculosis, he was largely instrumental in establishing the Pittsford Sanatorium and was constant in his support of the "Preventorium" at Essex Cen- ter, for children threatened with tuberculosis. His writings include : "Treatment of Litiga- tion Neurosis"; "School Sanitation"; "Isola- tion Hospitals for Small Cities" ; "Relation of Milk Supplies to the Public Health"; "History of Vermont Medicine. He was collaborator for the state of Vermont for the Cyclopedia of American Medical Biography, Philadelphia, 1912, furnishing many excellent biographies. Dr. Caverly married Mary Alice Tuttle, who survived him ; their son, Harley T. Caverly, died in 1910 while taking a post-graduate course in medicine at the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity. Of Dr. Caverly it is said : "It is character- istic of the man that he died fighting, cut down by the scourge of influenza, against the epi- demic of which in Vermont he was active, he assumed responsibility in the work of preven- tion and took personal charge, rendering wise and effective aid." But his own life paid the cost, for he died, after an illness of three days, on October 16, 1918. Howard A. Kelly. The Vermonter, 1918, vol. xxiii, 254-261. Portrait. Chadwick, James Read (1844-1905) James Read Chadwick, son of Christopher Chadwick, a Boston merchant, was born in Boston, November 2, 1844, and educated in the public schools and in Harvard College where he graduated with the class of 1865. After an extended trip abroad, he entered the Har- vard Medical School where he took his M. D. in 1871, in this year marrying Katharine M., daughter of Dr. George H. Lyman, of Boston, Dr. Chadwick took his wife to Europe and pur- sued his medical studies in Berlin, Vienna, Paris and London for a period of two years, giving more particular attention to the study of the diseases of women. On his return to Boston in 1873 he built the house No. 270 Clarendon Street, which was his home during his lifetime. He was the moving spirit in the selection of the men who were to compose the American Gynecological Society and at its foundation in 1876 he became its secretary. In 1897 he was president and always manifested a lively interest in its affairs. From 1875 to 1882 Dr. Chadwick was physician to out-patients at the Boston City Hospital and for many years conducted a private dispensary in Staniford Street, for the treatment of diseases of women where he gave instruction to the stu- dents of the Harvard Medical School, being clinical instructor in gynecology from 1881 to 1887.