Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/587

FARM HOUSES AND FARMERIES IN VARIOUS STYLES. 563 S^QDU. shown larger, and at exactly double the distance apart, centre from centre ; because the lower part of this building, on the exterior side, is chiefly appropriated to cart-sheds, and on the inner side to cattle-sheds. The elevations show at once, to an architectural eye, how much is to be made of these piers. That of the east side is not given ; but a glance at the plan will show to every Architect that it will be by far the handsomest. The panels, or spaces between the piers, may be filled up in various ways, according to the kind of materials which the locality affords ; the plinth or base on which they are placed being, in every case where permanency is any object, formed of brick or stone. On the supposition that brick is the material employed, all the small piers may be 14 inches on the side, all the large ones 18 inches, and all the panels filled in with brick in bed, or 4-inch work. This 4-inch work may be either kept in the middle of the line of piers, as in the plan, fig. 1098, or, what would be preferable, as sho'O'ing the pillars on the external elevation in bolder relief, ranging with the inside pillars. In comitries where freestone is the cheapest 1098 building material, the small piers may be of the same width ' :ji on the face ; but instead of projecting from the panels 5 , ^ inches, as in the case of the brick piers, they may be flush i Iv- with the walls in the inside, and only project 3 inches on the outside ; the piers being of hewn stone, and the panels of common ashlar, in regular or irregular courses, as may be most convenient. Where a coarser and more un- manageable stone than freestone is used, the piers may be 18 inches or 2 feet in thickness, and the thickness of the panels maybe 18 inches or 20 inches. In this case, in order to obtain the same room in the interior, all that is neces- sary is to place the piers a few inches farther apart, in order that the spaces between them may be of suitable dimensions for common doors and windows, and two of the spaces of suitable width for gateways for carts. The plinths below J T~^ and the architraves above should always be of stone ; the latter '■' ' ' worked in the same manner as the piers or pillars, and the IJ^T ^[ former in a coarser style. In countries where timber is the principal building material, the plinth ought to be of stone 4 ^" or brick, the piers and architraves of squared timber, and the panels filled in with studwork, either lathed or plastered on both sides, or covered with weather-boarding outside, and lathed and plastered inside. The roofing to a farmery in this style should, of course, be at a low or Grecian pitch ; and we should prefer slight iron rafters, judiciously com- bined of cast and wrought metal, with rebated laths, in Tugwell's manner, or a corrugated iron roof. In cold climates, prepared paper, or, in warm climates, composition or cement may be used. If the roof were to be made perfectly flat, tiles covered with Roman cement in three coats and courses, would be found to form one of the most eflftcient and durable of roofs. As we prefer slates, and Tugwell's manner of laying them appears to us a decided improvement on that in common use, we shall here shortly t=! ^ ■STF"' describe it. ^j