— Borneo, Day.: kuman — Java, Old Jav. : lumaṅlaṅ, "to roam about", word-base laṅlaṅ — -Sumatra, Toba: sumurut, "to recede", word-base surut — Malay Peninsula, Mal.: gumilaṅ, "to glitter", word-base gilaṅ — Madagascar, Hova: humana < human — Northern Border, Form. : Xumme, " to evacuate excrement ", word-base Xe, " dung " — South Western Border, Simalurese: lumaṅoy, "to swim", word-base laṅoy.
Note I. — We remarked in § 18 that the spelling of Form, words in Vlis and Happart was defective, but the striking doubling of the m in -umm-, e.g. in Xumme, is consistently carried out by them.
Note II. — Form. Xe, " dung ", stands in the same relation to Common IN tai as in the parallel case of X0, " man ", be- side the widely distributed tau.
152. The passive formative ka-. Philippines, Bont.: kalaṅo, "dried up", word-base laṅo — Celebes, Bug.: kacalla, " accursed " — Borneo, Tar. : kasukab, " opened " — Java, Old Jav.: katon, "seen", word-base ton — Sumatra, Lampong: kaděṅi, "heard" — Madagascar, Hova: hadinu, "forgotten", word-base in Pamp., viz. liṅao, "forgetful" — Eastern Border, Kamberese: kahira, " torn ".
Note. — Hova hadinu has been affected by the operation of four different phonetic laws, three of which have already been quoted; the fourth is: " Common IN final aw — for which Pamp. has ao — appears in Hova as u ".
153. The passive formative ta-. Philippines, Bis.: takiliṅ, " to incline ", word-base kiliṅ — Celebes, Tontb.: talicur, " to turn the back towards " — Borneo, Day. : tabiṅkis, "to be banished" — Java, Sund.: talaṅke, " hesitating ", word-base in Old Jav., viz. lěṅke, "slow" — Sumatra, Toba: talentes, " to stand open" — Madagascar, Hova: taburuaka, "bored through ", word-base buruaka, " hole " — Eastern Border, Kamberese: tabuṅgahu, "opened", word-base buṅgahu, "to open" — South- Western Border, Mentaway: taico, "to become visible ".
