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INDONESIAN LINGUISTICS
107. Original IN j. ;. I. It persists unchanged in some of the languages. Original IN jalan, "path", appears also in Bontok, Besemah, etc., as jalan, in Bareqe as jaya, etc.
II. Original IN j becomes c in Bugis after n, hence Original IN janji > Bug. janci, "promise". — It becomes jh in Madurese, as in jhalan, "path". — It becomes d in several languages; thus in certain cases in Old Javanese, as in dalan, "path". — It becomes z in certain cases in Hova, hence Original IN tuju > Hova tuzu, "direction". — It becomes s in Lalaki, as in sala, "path".
108. Original IN ñ. I. It persists unchanged in some of the languages. Original IN pěñu, "turtle", appears also in Old Javanese as pěñu, in Madurese as pěñño, with doubling of the ñ in accordance with the law in § 5, V, etc.
II. Original IN ñ becomes n in some languages; thus in Toba, as in ponu, "turtle".
Laws of the Dentals.
109. Original IN t. I. It mostly persists unchanged in the living languages. Original IN tali, "rope", appears also in Old and Modern Javanese, etc., as tali, in Tettum as talin, etc.
II. Original IN t becomes d in several languages; thus in certain cases in Sawunese, hence Original IN mata > Saw. mada, "eye". — It becomes is in Hova before i, hence Original IN tilik, "to peep at" > Hova tsidika. — It becomes k in several languages; thus, according to Aymonier and Cabaton, in Cham before l, hence Original IN telu > tlu > Cham klaw, "three". — It becomes χ in certain cases in some of the Formosan dialects, hence Original IN tai, "dung" > Form. χe. — It becomes h in several languages; thus in certain cases in Kamberese, hence Original IN pitu > Kamb. pihu, "seven". — It is cerebralized in several languages; thus in certain cases in Madurese. — It becomes s in Bolaang-Mongondou when in contact with i, hence Original IN kulit > Bol.-Mong. kulis, "skin".
