negroes for a liberal consideration, and, as a mem- ber of the privy council of the governor, he en- forced the rights of the slaves: Failing health induced him to set out for France, and he died when in sight of land.
TOULMIN, Henry, author, b. in Taunton, Eng-
land, in 1767; d. in Washington county, Ala., 11
Nov., 1823. He was the son of the eminent Dr.
Joshua Toulmin, and was a dissenting minister
for several years at Chorobert, Lancashire. He
came to Norfolk, Va., in 1793, and was president
of Transylvania university in 1794-'6. He was
secretary of state of Kentucky in 1796-1804, and
appointed judge of the U. S. district court of Mis-
sissippi in 1804. During his latter years he re-
sided in Alabama, assisted in framing the consti-
tution of that state, and served in the legislature.
He published " Description of Kentucky " (1792) ;
" Magistrate's Assistant " ; " Collection of the Acts
of Kentucky " (Frankfort, 1802) ; " Review of the
Criminal Law of Kentucky," with James Blair
(1804) ; and " Digest of the Laws of the State of
Alabama " (Cahawba, 1823).
TOUR, Charles (or Claude) Turgis de St. Étienne, Sieur de la, b. in France ; d. in Nova
Scotia after 1635. While on his way to the latter
country in 1629 to join his son, who held command
of the fort at Cape Sable, he was captured by the
English and carried as a prisoner to London. He
married a lady of rank at the English court, and
was made a baronet of Nova Scotia. He was won
over to the English government by this honor, and
promised to put them in possession of the post that
his son held in Acadia. On this assurance two
war vessels were given him, and he embarked with
his wife in 1630. His efforts to persuade his son
to surrender failed, and an attack on the fortress
was repelled. He thus found himself in a position
of great difficulty ; he could not- return to either
England or France, and finally decided, with the
consent of his wife, to throw himself on the mercy
of his son. The latter replied that he would cheer-
fully give him an asylum, but could not permit
him to enter his forts. With the consent of the
English commander, he landed with his wife and
servants. A house was built for him at some dis-
tance from the fort by his son, who took care of
his support. The Sieur Denys says, in his " De-
scription geographique," that he met La Tour and
his family there about 1635, and that they were
very comfortably situated. — His son, Charles Amador de St. Etienne, b. in France; d. in
Nova Scotia about 1665, was made commandant of
Fort St. Louis at Cape Sable, and a part of the
geninsula was bequeathed to him by Biencourt
outrincourt. His resistance to the attack of the
English under his father in 1630 has been described.
Two ships arrived shortly afterward from France
to support him. He was made in February, 1631,
lieutenant-general of Acadia, where his authority
was limited to Fort St. Louis and Port de la Tour,
and wrote a letter to his father urging him to re-
turn to his duty. Some time before this he had
founded Fort Pentagoet, on Penobscot bay, near
the present Castine, Me. After the restoration of
Acadia to France in 1632 he received important
grants on the St. John's river, where he founded
settlements in 1635, and in 1638 he was not only
secured in these possessions, but was made lieuten-
ant-general on the coast of Acadia from the mid-
dle of the main-land of the Bay of Fundy to Cam-
ceaux, as well as what is now known as Nova
Scotia. Complaints were made of him about this
time to the French court, which appears to have
suspected his loyalty. On 13 Feb., 1641, Aulnay de
Charnise, his bitter enemy, obtained an order to ar-
rest him and send him toFrance. But De la Tour,
who commanded a body of soldiers that were fully
equal in numbers and devotion to those of Charnise,
refused to surrender. The latter went to France to-
ward the end of the year, and obtained a new com-
mission on 22 Feb.', 1642, and additional powers.
Meanwhile, De la Tour invoked the aid of John
Winthrop, governor of Massachusetts, and entered
Boston harbor in an armed vessel on 12 April,
1643. After several discussions, some of them on
religious subjects, he was allowed to raise volun-
teers, and with these auxiliaries forced Charnise to
withdraw from Fort St. John and retreat to Port
Royal, whither he pursued him and inflicted some
damage on him. A short time afterward La Tour
went to Quebec, and Charnise besieged and took
the fort in his absence in April, 1645. (For the
heroic defence of the fort by his wife, see Char-
nise.) La Tour then retired to Newfoundland, and
in August, 1646, to Quebec. In 1648 he went to
France and described the tyranny of Charnise so
effectively to the French court that, on the death
of the latter, he was appointed governor and lieu-
tenant-general in Acadia. The wife and children
of Charnise were about to oppose his authority
with arms, but in 1653 an arrangement was made
between the opposing factions, which was con-
firmed by the marriage of De la Tour with the
widow of Charnise, his own wife having died soon
after the surrender of Fort St. John. He was
forced to yield this fortress in 1654 to a detach-
ment of New England troops, commanded by Rob-
ert Sedgwick, from want of provisions. He ob-
tained from Oliver Cromwell an extensive grant of
territory in Acadia in favor of himself and two
Englishmen. But his different enterprises had in-
volved him in pecuniary embarrassment, and he
sold out to his co-proprietors.
TOUR, Le Blond de la, French soldier, b. in
France ; d. in New Orleans, La., about 1725. He
had some skill in engineering, and went to New
France as chief of a party, erecting Fort Alibamon
(or Alibama) in Louisiana in 1713. He surveyed the
site of New Orleans in 1717, and immediately built
a fort on piles at Balize (or North -East Pass) to
guard the entrance. When Bienville was sum-
moned to France in 1724, La Tour was ordered to
take command until the return from Illinois of
Dugue de Boisbriand, the governor ad interim.
TOURGEE, Albion Winegar (toor-zhay '), author, b. in Williamsfield, Ohio, 2 May, 1838. He is the son of a farmer of Huguenot descent. After studying at Rochester university in 1859-61, he served in the National army in 1861-'5, was wounded at Bull Run and at Perryville, and was a prisoner in the hands of the Confederates for four months. After the war he settled as a law-
yer, farmer, and editor at Greensboro', N. C. He opposed the plan of reconstruction that was adopted, favoring instead the establishing of territorial governments in the seceding states. At
the Loyalists' convention in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1866, he prepared the report on the condition of the southern states. He was an active member of the North Carolina constitutional conventions of 1868 and 1875, and was one of the commission appointed to codify and revise the state laws. In April, 1868, he was elected judge of the superior court for the seventh judicial district of North
Carolina, his term expiring in 1874 ; and in February, 1876, he was appointed pension agent for that state. His judicial district included the counties where the Ku-klux clan was most powerful and
aggressive, and several unsuccessful raids were
