Jeffrey Amherst's expedition against Fort Ticon- deroga, and was killed there in the trenches by a cannon-ball, and taken to Albany for burial.
TOWNSHEND, Norton Strange, educator, b.
in Clay-Coton, Northamptonshire, England, 25 Dec,
1815. He came to this country in 1830, and settled
with his parents in Avon, Ohio, where he attended
school and also taught. Subsequently he began
the study of medicine, and was graduated in 1840
at the College of physicians and surgeons in New
York. He then went abroad, and, after attending
the World's anti-slavery convention in London in
July, 1840, as the delegate of the Anti-slavery soci-
ety of Ohio, he studied in the hospitals of Paris,
Edinburgh, and Dublin. In 1841 he returned to
Elyria, Ohio, where he settled in the practice of
his profession, but in 1848 he was elected to the
Ohio legislature, where he was active in securing a
repeal of the " black laws " of that state and the
return of Salmon P. Chase to the U. S. senate. He
was a member of the convention that in 1850 framed
the present constitution of Ohio, and in the same
year was eleeted as a Democrat to congress, serving
from 1 Dec, 1851, till 3 March, 1853. At the end
of his term he was elected to the Ohio senate, where
he introduced measures that led to the founding
of an asylum for training imbecile youth, of which
institution he was a trustee for twenty-one years.
Later he was active with Dr. John S. Newberry
and others in the movement that aimed to estab-
lish an agricultural college in Ohio. In 1858 he
was chosen a member of the board of agriculture
and served till 1863, also in 1868-9. Early in 1863
he was appointed medical inspector in the U. S.
army, and he served in that capacity until the end
of the civil war. In 1867 he was named a member
of the committee that was appointed to examine
and report upon the system of wool appraisement
and duties in the custom-houses of Boston, New
York, and elsewhere, prior to the tariff revision of
that year. He was appointed professor of agricul-
ture in Iowa agricultural college in 1869, but re-
signed a year later to accept the appointment of
trustee and assist in founding the Agricultural and
mechanical college of Ohio, in which institution,
now known as the University of Ohio, he has held
since 1873 the chair of agriculture.
TOWNSHEND, Richard Wellington, member of congress, b. in Prince George county, Md., 30 April, 1840. He was educated in public and private schools at Washington, D. C, removed in
1858 to Illinois, and, after teaching for some time
in Fayette county, studied law, and was admitted
to the bar at McLeansborough in 1862. He was
clerk of the county court of Hamilton county
from 1863 till 1868, and district attorney for the
next four years. He was a delegate to the National
Democratic convention in 1872. He settled in
Shawneetown in 1873, was elected a member of
congress in 1876, and has since been continuously
re-elected, serving in the congress which began its
sessions on 5 March, 1887, as chairman of the com-
mittee on military affairs. He was the author of
the proposition to secure the establishment of an
American Zollverein, which was embodied in a bill
passed by congress in 1888.
TOWSON, Nathan, soldier, b. near Baltimore,
Md., 22 Jan., 1784; d. in Washington, D. C, 20
July, 1854. He was educated at the common
schools, and at the beginning of the war with
Great Britain was appointed captain in the 2d
U. S. artillery, 12 March, 1812. He was trans-
ferred to the corps of artillery in May, 1814, and
to the light artillery, 17 May, 1815. He served
with distinction during the war of 1812, par-
ticularly in the capture of the brig " Caledonia "
from under the guns of Fort Erie. 8 Oct., 1812, for
which he was brevetted major, and for gallantry at
the battle of Chippewa, 5 July, 1814, he was brevet-
ted lieutenant-colonel. In the assault upon Fort
Erie in August of the same year he again distin-
guished himself, and received the recognition of
the government as a brevet colonel. He was ap-
pointed paymaster-general of the army in 1819,
and in 1821 colonel of the 2d artillery. The senate
failed to confirm the president's nomination, and
Col. Towson was reappointed paymaster-general,
8 May, 1822. He was brevetted brigadier-general,
30 June, 1834, and major-general, 30 May, 1848. for
meritorious conduct during the war with Mexico.
TOY, Crawford Howell, educator, b. in Nor-
folk, Va., 23 March, 1836. He was graduated at
the University of Virginia in 1856, studied at the
University of Berlin in 1866-8, was professor of
Hebrew in the Southern Baptist theological semi-
nary at Greenville, S. C, and Louisville, Ky., in
1869-79, and since 1880 has occupied that chair at
Harvard. Besides articles on Semitic philology
and biblical criticism he has published " History of
the Religion of Israel " (Boston, 1882), and " Quota-
tions in the New Testament" (New York, 1884).
TRACY, Marquis Alexandre De Prouville de, governor of Canada, b. in France in 1603 : d. there in 1670. He was a lieutenant-general in the French army, and in 1655 retook Cayenne from
the Dutch, and brought several of the adjacent
islands under French authority. In 1664 he was
appointed viceroy of Canada, which at that time
was an object of considerable attention at the
French court, especially in what was known as the
parti devot. So, when Tracy set sail, a throng of
young nobles embarked with him, and the king
gave him 200 soldiers, and promised that 1,000
more should follow. All Quebec was on the land-
ing-place when he arrived, 30 June, 1665, and he
debarked with a pomp and ceremony such as the
city had never before seen. He soon won the fer-
vent admiration of the inhabitants by his piety,
and at the same time he betrayed a lack of no
qualities needful in his position. After a severe
campaign, he subdued the Iroquois Indians, con-
cluding a peace with them that lasted nearly
twenty years. He then went on an expedition
against the Mohawks, at the head of a force of
1,200 French soldiers, and laid their country waste,
taking possession, in the name of the king, of all
their lands. The Mohawks sued for peace, and re-
ceived Jesuit missionaries. The English, hearing
of Tracy's advance, claimed the country he invad-
ed, and Sir Richard Nicolls, governor of New York,
wrote to the New England governors, begging
them to join him against the French. But the
New England governors were not prepared for war,
and, fearing that their Indian neighbors might
take part with the French, hesitated to act. The
treaty of Breda in 1667 secured peace for a time
between the rival colonies. Tracy returned to
France in 1667. "The Jesuits," says Parkman,
"resumed their hazardous mission to the Iroquois,
and Tracy's soldiers having made peace, the Jesuits
were the rivets to hold it fast. Of all the French
expeditions against the Iroquois, that of Tracy was
the most productive of good."
TRACY, Charles, lawyer, b. in Whitestown, Oneida co., N. Y., 17 Feb.,' 1810; d. in New York city, 1 June, 1885. He was graduated at Yale in 1832, admitted to the bar in 1835, and passed his
earlier professional life in Utica, N. Y. He removed to New York city in 1849, and continued in active practice there until his death, and for many
