surrounding the university buildings. Dr. Cald- well published "A Compendious System of Ele- mentary Geometry," with a subjoined treatise on plane trigonometry (1823), and " Letters of Carle- ton " (1825). The latter had previously appeared in a newspaper in Raleigh, and were designed to awaken an interest in internal improvements.
CALDWELL, Lisle Bones, educator, b. in
Wilna, N. Y., 10 Jan., 1834. He was graduated at
Baldwin's university, Berea, Ohio, in 1868, and has
since been engaged in teaching and in charge of
various Methodist Episcopal churches. In 1877 he
was elected to the chair of natural sciences in East
Tennessee Wesleyan university, and later also filled
the chair of physics. In 1886 he was elected pro-
fessor of applied chemistry and agriculture in the
Grant memorial university, in Athens, Tenn. He
has been actively connected with the temperance
movement, and has filled high ottices in the sons of
temperance. Prof. Caldwell has been a frequent
contributor to periodical litei-ature, and has pub-
lished " Wines of Palestine ; or. The Bible De-
fended " (1859), and "Beyond the Grave" (1884).
CALDWELL, Merritt, educator, b. in Hebron,
Oxford CO., Me., 29 Nov., 1806; d. in Portland, 6
June, 1848. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1828,
and in the same year was appointed to succeed his
brother Zenas as principal of the Maine Wesleyan
seminary at Read field. He was elected professor
of mathematics and vice-president of Dickinson
college, Pa., in 1834, and in 1887 was transferred to
the chair of metaphysics and English literature,
which he held for the rest of his life. The presi-
dent of the college was often absent, and his duties
fell on Prof. Caldwell, who performed them with
great ability. He wrote much for the press, and
was specially interested in the temperance reform.
He visited England in 1846 as a delegate to the
world's convention that formed the "evangelical
alliance," and was also a delegate to the world's
temperance convention from the Pennsylvania so-
ciety. He published " The Doctrine of the English
Verb" (1837); "Manual of Elocution" (Philadel-
phia, 1846) ; " Philosophy of Christian Perfection "
(1847) ; and " Christianity tested by Eminent
Men" (New York, 1852). A memoir of him has
been published by Rev. S. M. Vail, D. D.— His elder
brother, Zenas, b. in Hebron, Me., 31 March, 1800 ;
d. 26 Dec, 1826, was graduated at Bowdoin in
1824, and was the first principal of Maine Wes-
leyan seminary. A volume containing some of
his writings, both prose and poetry, and a memoir
by Rev. S. M. Vail, D. D., was published in 1855.
CALDWELL, Samuel, soldier. He was a ma-
jor of the Kentucky "levies of 1791," and was dis-
tinguished in Wilkinson's expedition against the
Indians in August of that year. He was lieuten-
ant-colonel commanding a regiment of Kentucky
volunteers from September till November, 1812,
and again in Green Clay's brigade of six-months
volunteers under Gen. Harrison in 1813. He was
made brigadier-general of volunteers on 31 Aug.,
1813, and commanded a brigade in the battle of
the Thames, 5 Oct., 1813.
CALDWELL, Samuel Lunt, educator, b. in
Newburyport, Mass., 13 Nov., 1820; d. in Providence,
R. I., 26 Sept., 1889. He was graduated at Water-
ville, and, after teaching school at Hampton Falls,
N. H., and Newburyport, Mass., entered Newton
theological institute, where he was graduated in
1845. He was pastor of Baptist churches in Ban-
gor, Me., from 1846 till 1858, and in Providence,
R. I., from 1858 till 1873. He then became professor
of church history in Newton theological institute,
and on 12 Sept., 1878, was elected president of Vas-
sar college. He resigned in 1885 and removed to
Providence, R. I. Colby university gave him the
degree of D. D. in 1858, and Brown that of LL. D.
in 1884. Dr. Caldwell has published a " Memorial
of Prof. R. P. Dunn " (Cambridge, 1867) ; an inde-
pendence-day oration (Providence, 1861) ; " Litera-
ture in Account with Life," an oration delivered at
the commencement of Michigan university (1885) ;
and two lectures in " The Newton Lectures " (1886),
besides sermons and contributions to periodicals.
He edited volumes iii. and iv. of " Publications of
the Narragansett Clul)" (Providence, 1865).
CALDWELL, William Warner, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 28 Oct., 1823. He was graduated
at Bowdoin in 1843, and engaged in business in
his native town. He has published a volume of
"Poems, Original and Translated" (Boston, 1857),
containing translations from the German of Hebel.
Geibel, and Fallersleben. Since that time many
more poems and translations of German lyrics by
Mr. Caldwell have appeared in the Boston " Tran-
script " and other journals, and more than fifty of
them set to music have been published in the
" Normal Music Course."
CALEF, or CALFE, Robert, author, d. about
1723. He was a Boston merchant, and powerfully
attacked the witchcraft delusion in a book called
" More Wonders of the Invisible World " (London,
1700 ; Salem, Mass., 1796). The title was suggested
by Cotton Mather's " Wonders of the Invisible
World." Calef's plain facts and common-sense ar-
guments had a powerful effect on public opinion,
and conti'ibuted much to the decline of the delu-
sion. His book irritated Mather, who called Calef
" a weaver turned minister " and " a coal from
hell," and finally prosecuted him for slander. Dr.
Increase Mather, president of Harvard college, or-
dered the wicked book to be burned in the college-
yard. The members of the Old North church pub-
lished a defence of their pastors, the Mathers,
entitled " Remarks upon a Scandalous Book," etc.,
with the motto, " Truth will come off Conqueror."
Calef's book made him unpopular, and Samuel
Mather, in his life of his father, says : " There was a
certain disbeliever of witchcraft who wrote against
this book ; but, as the man is dead, his book died
long before him."
CALHOUN, John C., statesman, b. in Ninety-six district, S. C., 18 March, 1782; d. in Washington, D. C., 31 March, 1850. His grandfather, James Calhoun, emigrated from Donegal, Ireland, to Pennsylvania in 1733, bringing with him a family of children, of whom Patrick Calhoun was one, a boy six years old. The family removed to western Virginia, again moved farther south, and in 1756 established the “Calhoun settlement” in the upper part of South Carolina. This was near the frontier of the Cherokee Indians; conflicts between them and the whites were frequent and bloody, and the Calhoun family suffered severe loss. Patrick Calhoun was distinguished for his undaunted courage and perseverance in these struggles, and was placed in command of provincial rangers raised for the defence of the frontier. His resolute and active character gave him credit among his people, and he was called to important service during the revolutionary war, in support of American independence. By profession he was a surveyor, and gained success by his skill. He was a man of studious and thoughtful habits, and well versed in English literature. His father was a Presbyterian, and he adhered to the religion of his fathers. In 1770 he married Martha Caldwell, a native of Virginia, daughter of an Irish Presbyterian immigrant,
