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matters of policy. Wlien the first call for troops was made, he assisted by giving money and by per- sonal exertion. He regretted that 500,000 men had not been called for instead of 75,000, and said that the short- termenlistment was a mistake. At the beginning of the extra session of congress in July, 1861, he introduced a sweeping confiscation-bill, thinking that stern measures would deter wavering persons from taking up arms against the government ; but it was not passed in its original

form, though

congress ultimately adopted his views. On 16 July, 1862, Mr. Chandler vehemently assailed Gen. McClellan in the senate, although he was warned that such a course might be politically fatal. He was, however', returned to the senate in 1863, and in 1864 actively aided in the re-election of Presi- dent Lincoln. He was again elected to the senate in 1869. During all of his terms he was chairman of the committee on commerce and a member of other important committees, including that on the conduct of the war. In October, 1874, Presi- dent Grant tendered him the post of secretary of the interior, to fill the place made vacant by the resignation of Columbus Delano, a.nd he held this office until President Grant's retirement, doing much to reform abuses in the department. Pie was chairman of the Republican national com- mittee in 1876, and took an active part in the presidential campaign of that year. He was again elected to the senate in February, 1879, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Isaac P. Christiancy, who had succeeded him four years before. On 2 March, 1879, he made a speech in the senate denouncing Jefferson Davis, which brought him into public notice again, and he was regarded in his own state as a possible presidential candi- date. He went to Chicago on 31 Oct., 1879, to de- liver a political speech, and was found dead in his room on the following morning. During the greater portion of his life Mr. Chandler was en- gaged in large business enterprises, from which he realized a handsome fortune. He was a man of commanding appearance, and possessed an excel- lent practical judgment, great energy, and indom- itable perseverance.

CHANEY, Lucian West, Jr., naturalist, b. in Heuvelton, N. Y., 26 June, 1857. He was graduated at Carleton college in 1878, after which he taught in public schools at Mankato and Faribault, Minn., until 1880. During the years 1880-'2 he was superintendent of the city schools in Glencoe, Minn., and in 1882 became professor of biology and geology in Carleton college. The biological department of this institution, under his management, has been thoroughly equipped with modern apparatus, and brought to a state of perfection unequalled in the state of Minnesota, and probably unsurpassed in the west. He has adapted and improved many laboratory appliances, such as section-cutters, injection apparatus, etc., in common use, and has contributed papers on biological subjects to the “Bulletin of the Minnesota Academy of Sciences,” the “Sidereal Messenger,” and other publications. He is also author of “Guides for the Laboratory” (Northfield, 1886).

CHANFRAU, Frank S., actor, b. in New York, 22 Feb., 1824; d. in Jersey City, 2 Oct., 1884. His father was a French officer in the vessel that brought Lafayette to the United States. He enjoyed but few educational advantages. At an early age he attempted to earn a livelihood as a hatter, subsequently was employed as a ship-builder at Cleveland, and helped to build the first steamboat that ever left that port. Returning to New York, he lived precariously for a year or two, and during this period his talent as a mimic became first known, and put him in the way that ultimately led to fortune. His first theatre engagement was as a supernumerary at the old Bowery theatre; subsequently he became utility-man at the same place, and after some years played second juvenile parts at the old Park theatre, and in 1848 was engaged as leading comedian at Mitchell's Olympic theatre. He gained great popularity as a comic actor at this house, his impersonation of Mose the fireman in Benjamin Baker's play, “A Glance at New York,” being regarded as inimitable. Chanfrau's success as Mose made him rich. On 20 Sept., 1849, he first appeared in the Arch street theatre, Philadelphia, and soon afterward he provided Brooklyn with a theatre; but the undertaking did not succeed, and, after sinking $22,000 in the venture, he accepted an invitation from Charles R. Thorne to sail for California. After a most successful tour there he returned to New York and added Thomas B. de Walden's Sam to his repertory, and during the winter of 1870 appeared in the leading part in “Kit, the Arkansas Traveller,” a play written by Edward Spencer, and then produced for the first time. As Kit Redding, Chanfrau achieved his most signal success. In this rôle he exhibited all his gifts and attainments to the best advantage, and though the character of his acting was never elevated, it was invariably amusing and never hurtful. He was a generous and noble-minded man, correct in his habits, and a model husband, father, and son. He died worth about $300,000, having considerable property at Long Branch, N. J., which he had made his residence for nineteen years. — His wife, Henrietta Baker, actress, b. in Philadelphia in 1837, made her début during the summer of 1854 at the assembly buildings, Philadelphia, under the management of Prof. Mueller, as a vocalist. Her first appearance on the boards of a regular theatre was at the city museum in her native place, 9 Sept., 1854, as Miss Apsley in “The Willow Copse.” A short time afterward she became a member of the Arch street theatre, where she remained nearly two seasons. When the National at Cincinnati was opened by Lewis Baker for the season 1857-'8, she became a member of the company and achieved success. She married Mr. Chanfrau in July, 1858. After a long absence from New York, in the autumn of 1886 she appeared at the reopening of the Fourteenth street theatre as Linda Colmore in “The Scapegoat.” Her acting is entirely free from affectation or mannerisms.

CHANG and ENG, Siamese twins, b. in Bangaseau, Siam, 15 April, 1811; d. near Mount Airy, N. C., 17 Jan., 1874. Their father was Chinese and their mother Chino-Siamese. They came to the United States in 1829, and were exhibited here and in Europe for nearly twenty-five years. Having accumulated a fortune of about $80,000, they set-