translated into French as " Le eas du Docteur W. Pennock, ou contribution a I'histoire de la sclerose •en plaques disserainees " (Paris, 18G8). Dr. Pen- nock published, with Dr. William W. Gerhard. " Ob- servations on the Cholera of Paris " (Philadelphia. 1832), and edited the treatise of Bouillaud on the diseases of the heart (1837) and Dr. James Hope's " Treatise on Disease of the Heart and the Oreat Vessels " (1846).
PENNY, Virginia, author, b. in Louisville,
Ky., 18 Jan., 1826. She was graduated at Steuben-
viile, Ohio, female seminary in 1843, taught for
nine years in that state, Illinois, and Missouri, and
subsequently devoted herself to enlarging the in-
dustrial sphere of women. She has written much
•on the condition of the working classes. Her pub-
lications include " The Employments of Women "
(Boston, 1863) ; " Five Hundi-ed Occupations Adapt-
ed to Women " (Philadelphia, 1868) ; and " Think and Act " (1873).
PENNY BACKER, Isaac Samuals, senator, b.
in Shenandoah county, Va.. 12 Sept., 1807; d. in
Washington, D. C, 12 January, 1847. He was edu-
•cated at Washington college, Va., studied law at
the Winchester law-school, settled in Harrisonburg,
Va., and attained to eminence in his profession.
He was elected to congress as a Democrat in 1836,
served one term, and in 1839 became district judge.
He declined the office of U. S. attorney general,
which was offered him by President Van Buren,
and subsequently that of justice of the supreme
court of Virginia, and the nomination of the Demo-
cratic party for governor. He was chosen U. S.
senator in 1845, but died before the expiration cf
his term of service.
PENNYPACKER, Elijah Funk, reformer, b.
in Chester county, Pa., 20 Nov., 1804 ; d. in Phce-
nixville, Pa., 4 Jan., 1888. He was educated in
the private schools in Burlington, N. J., taught
there, and subsequently engaged in land surveying
in Phoenixville, Pa. He then became interested in
real estate, was in the legislature in 1831-'5, chair-
man of its committee on banks, and a principal
mover in the establishment of public schools. In
1836-'8 he was a canal commissioner. He joined
the Society of Friends about 1841, and thenceforth
for many years devoted himself to the abolition
movement, becoming president of the local anti-
slavery society, and of the Chester county, and
Pennsylvania state societies. He was an active
manager of the " Underground railroad," and his
house was one of its stations. With John Edgar
Thompson he made the preliminary surveys of
the Pennsylvania railroad. He aided the suffer-
ing poor in Ireland in the famine of 1848, and sub-
sequently identified himself with the Prohibition
party, becoming their candidate for state treasurer
in 1875. He was an organizer of the Pennsylvania
mutual fire insurance company in 1869, and was
its vice-president till 1879, when he became presi-
•dent, holding office till January, 1887, when he re-
signed. John (t. Whittier says of him : " In mind,
body, and brave championship of the cause of
freedom he was one of the most remarkable men
I ever knew." — His nephew, Gralusha, soldier, b.
in Valley Forge. Pa., 1 June. 1844, received an
academical education, and at seventeen years of
age entered the National army as a private. He
was appointed captain in the 97th Pennsylvania
volunteers in August, 1861, and major in October,
served in the Department of the South, and was
engaged in the operations in Florida, and against
Charleston, S. C. He was wounded three times at
Drury's bluff in May, 1864, was commissioned
colonel in August, and in September was at the
siege of Petersburg. He commanded a brigade in
the 10th corps, and was wounded at Fort Harrison,
and again at Darbytown road. He led his brigade
in the final attack oti Fort Fisher, and received
severe wounds, which confined him to the hospital
until 1866. He was brevetted brigadier-general of
volunteers, 15 Jan.. 1865. for gallant service at the
capture of Fort Fisher, was given that full rank, 18
Feb.. 1865, brevetted major-general of volunteers,
13 March, 1865, " for gallant and meritorious ser-
vice during the civil war," and received the same
brevets in the regular army on 2 March, 1867. He
became colonel of the 34t'h U. S. infantry in 1866,
and in 1883 was retired by reason of wounds re-
ceived in action.
PENNYPACKER, Samuel Whitaker, law-
yer, b. in PhcEnixville, Pa., 9 April, 1843. was edu-
cated in his native town and at the West Phila-
delfihia institute, served as a private in the 26th
" emergency " regiment in 1863, subsequently read
law, in which he was graduated at the University
of Pennsylvania in 1866, and in 1868 became presi-
dent of the Philadelphia law academv. He is a
member of the American Philosophical society, of
several foreign societies, is a vice-president of the
Pennsylvania historical society, and a trustee of
the University of Pennsylvania. His collection of
more than 2.000 volumes and manuscripts, mainly
composed of early Pennsylvania imprints, is re-
markable for its fulness in material relating to the
German colonists of that state, and for the number
of works it contains that were printed by Benja-
min Franklin. He has compiled four volumes of
" Reports of the Supreme Court," a " Supplemen-
tary Index to the English Common Law Reports,"
with Samuel S. Hollingsworth and E. Greenough
Piatt (^Philadelphia, 1879), and has aided in the
preparation of nineteen volumes of the weekly notes
of cases in the " Pennsylvania Law Reporter." He
has also taken much interest in historical research,
and has published " Annals of Phoenixville and its
Vicinity" (Philadelphia, 1878); "The Pennypackcr
Reunion "(1878); and " Historical and Biographi-
cal Sketches," a collection of fugitive papers, many
of which have been translated into Dutch and
into German (1883).
PENROSE, Charles Bingham, lawyer, b. in
Philadelphia, 6 Oct., 1798; d. in Harrisburg, Pa.,
6 April, 1857. His father, Clement Biddle Pen-
rose, was one of the three commissioners for the
territory ceded by France to the United States.
The son studied law, was admitted to the bar in
1821, and practised at Carlisle, Pa. He was elected
as a Whig to the state senate in 1833. and was the
speaker of the body at the time of the "buckshot
war." In 1841 President Harrison appointed him
solicitor of the treasury, which post he held until
the close of Tyler's administration. Resuming the
practice of the law, he subsequently removed to
Philadelphia, was elected as a reform candidate to
the state senate in 1856, and at the time of his
death was serving in this office. He was one of the
editors of Penrose and Watt's "Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1832-'3). —
His son, Richard Alexander Fullerton. phy-
sician, b. in Carlisle. Pa.. 24 March, 1827. was
graduated at Dickinson college in 1846 and at the
medical department of the University of Pennsyl-
vania in 1849. He was instrumental in having the
wards of the Philadelphia hospital opened to medi-
cal instructions, and was elected consulting sur-
geon to the institution, where he began clinical
lectures on diseases of women and children. He
was for many years a successful private teacher in
medicine, and in 1863 he became professor of ob-
