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has published " Gethsemane and the Cross " (Boones- borough, Md., 1851): "The Christian Home " (Springfield, Mass., 1861) ; and " The Voice of Blood " (Philadelphia, 1868), and has contributed to various periodicals.

PHILIPSE, Frederick, proprietor, b. in Fries- land, Holland, in 1626 ; d. in New York city, 23 Dec, 1702. He was of noble birth, but came to New Amsterdam without money or friends about 1640. He worked at the carpenter's trade for sev- eral years, aided in building the Old Dutch church, and is said to have made the pulpit with his own hands. He finally established himself in trade, and from 1662 began to accumulate what subsequently became vast wealth. Having married the rich widow of Peter Rudolphus De Vries, by whom he acquired large estates, he engaged in the East and West Indian trade, and imported slaves from Africa. After the death of his first wife he married

Catherine, daughter of 01 off S. Van Cortland, in 1690, who was also the heir to a large fortune. Philipse secured to himself, by purchase from the Indians and grants from the government, all the " hunting-grounds " between Spuyten Duyvil and Croton river. In 1693 a part of this estate was formally erected into a manor, by royal charter, under the style and title of the '• Manor of Philipse- borough," with the privileges of lordship. It em- braced the present town of Yonkers and 150 square miles of land. In 1682 he built the manor-house, a stately edifice for its day, with spacious rooms, and a broad staircase that had been imported from Holland, as seen in the accompanying illustration. The house was situated in the midst of fine trees, which were from foreign graftings. It was altered and enlarged by his grandson, purchased by the corporation of Yonkers in 1867, and is now (1888) the town-hall. His other patent of Fredericks- borough, or Sleepy Hollow, comprised 240 square miles, and in 1683 he built there Castle Philipse, a stone fortification for protection against the In- dians. In 1699 he also erected at his own expense, opposite Castle Philipse, a substantial church, which is now the oldest religious edifice in the state of New York. He was a member of the governor's council for more than twenty years, and on terms of friendship with all the royal governors from Sir Edmund Andros to Lord Richard Bello- mont. For more than half a century lie was inti- mately associated with every event of note in city or province ; but. though he was styled the " Dutch millionaire," he incurred comparatively little politi- cal enmity, " never meddling in controversies, but, laying his hand upon his purse, waited to see which party would win." — His grandson, Frederick, b. in New York in 1690; d. there in 1751, spent his early life in Europe, where he was carefully edu- cated, and on his return settled on his inherited estates, which he ruled like a feudal sovereign. He occupied the bench of the court-leet, and the court- baron at Philipseborough, administered justice and sometimes capital punishment,represented Phdipse- borough in the assembly for many years, and for a long time was baron and second judge of the exchequer. He also greatly altered and improved the manor-house. He was attached to the Estab- lished church of England, and through the pro- visions of his will his family built St. John's church at Yonkers, with a parsonage. — The second Frederick's son, Frederick, last lord of the manor, b. in New York in 1746; d. in England in 1785, was graduated at King's college (now Columbia) in 1773, and was subsequently a member of the assembly and a captain of dragoons in the British army. He lived in a style of magnificence that ex- ceeded that of any of his ancestors. His wife, an imjierious woman of fashion, was in the habit of driving tour black horses, with her own hands, upon the roads of Westchester. He tried to main- tain neutrality in politics, but early in the Revolu- tion was suspected of allegiance to the crown, and was proscribed and banished, the manor-house be- ing confiscated. The British government allowed him £62,075 for compensation. He was an ardent churchman, and gave liberally to charity. His sis- ter, Mary, married Col. Roger Morris (q. v.), and an- other sister, Susanna, became the wife of Col. Bever- ly Robinson, and died in England at ninety-four.

PHILLIPPO, James M., West Indian author. He was an English Baptist missionary, who for twenty years was a resident of Spanish Town, Jamaica, W. I. He is the author of " Jamaica : its Past and Present State " (London, 1843), and " The United States and Cuba " (New York, 1857).

PHILLIPPS, Adelaide, singer, b. in Stratford-on-Avon, England, 26 Oct., 1833; d. in Carlsbad, Germany, 3 Oct., 1882. She came to the United States with her family at the age of seven. Her parents placed her on the stage at an early age, and she made her first appearance in January, 1842, at the Tremont theatre, Boston. The following year she obtained an engagement at the Boston museum, where she remained about eight years. When Jenny Lind appeared in Boston in 1850, Adelaide sang for her, and was advised to go to Europe. It was largely owing to the Swedish singer's generosity and aid that Miss Phillipps's father was enabled to take her abroad. They arrived in London in March, 1852, and Adelaide became the pupil of Manuel Garcia. In 1853 she went with her father to Italy to continue her studies, and made her début the same year at Brescia, as Arsace in “Semiramide.” She sang also in Milan and other cities, and then in 1855 returned to the United States. She made an engagement to appear in Italian opera in Philadelphia and New York under Max Maretzek, and later went with him to Havana, Cuba. In 1860 she made her first appearance in oratorio before the Handel and Haydn society, Boston, in the “Messiah.” The following year she went abroad again, and appeared in Paris as Azucena in “Il Trovatore.” After a professional tour in Europe she returned to this country. In 1864 she went again to Havana, and