Page:Cambridge Modern History Volume 1.djvu/22

xviii Contents. Extension of Carrara ; of Visconti. Visconti occupies and loses Padua. Treviso, &c. recovered by Venice '...... 265 Death of Giaii Galeazzo Visconti, 1402. Venice at war with Carrara. Padua, Vicenza, Verona, secured 266 Relations to the Church. Patriarch of Grado becomes the Patriarch of Venice, 1445. Position of St Mark's 267 Independent ecclesiastical policy of Venice ; she adheres to the couciliar Pope, 1409 ; appeals to a Council, 1483, 1509. Appointment to benefices at Venice 268 Church property. Jurisdiction over clerics. The Inquisition . . . 269 Concessions after War of Cambray 270 The Venetian Constitution ; origins. General Assembly. Doge. Ducal Councillors. Pregadi. Reforms of 1172 271 New Assembly. Additional Councillors. Ducal promissiom. Rise of com- mercial families . . . . . . -'.'. . ' ' . - . ; . 272 Closing of the Great Council, 1297. Conspiracy of Bajamonte Tiepolo, 1310 273 Establishment of the Council of Ten ; its procedure .... 274 Outline of constitution. Great Council; Senate; the Ten ... 275 Collegia; Ducal Council; Doge 276 Dangers of Venice ; the mainland a burden. Commerce her chief resource ; the mercantile marine ......... 277 Her revenue. Dalmatia and Friuli acquired. Victory over Turks at Gallipoli, 1416 278 Recovery of Visconti. Two parties. Policy of Mocenigo. Candidature of Foscari; his election, 1423 279 League with Florence against Milan. Brescia and Bergamo acquired. Conduct of Carmagnola ; his execution, 1432 280 Ravenna acquired. Death of Filippo Maria Visconti, 1447. Peace of Lodi, 1454. Crema and Treviglio acquired. Fall of Constantinople, 1453. Deposition of Foscari. Results of his reign ..... 281 Splendour of Venice. Evidence of Commines 282 Venetian administration. Life of a Venetian noble . . . . . 283 Life of the people. Arts and letters. Malipiero, Sanudo, Priuli . . 284 Germs of decline. Finance. New commercial routes. Advance of the Turks. War, 1462 285 Disasters of the Turkish War. Peace, 1479. Policy of peace with the Turk. European apathy. 286 Attack on Ferrara, 1481. War against Italy ; invitation to France. Results 287 CHAPTER IX. GERMANY AND THE EMPIRE. By T. R Tour, M.A., Professor of History in the Owens College, Victoria University, Manchester. Lack of national unity in Germany. Comparison of Germany under Frederick III and France under Charles VI 288 The powers of the German kingship 2BO Weakness of the great vassals. The imperial Diet . . 290