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Contents. xxvii Neacademia at Venice, 1600. Visit of Erasmus, 1608. Death of Aldo, 1615. His character and work. Subsequent history of the Aldine press . 663 Decline of humanism. French and Spanish wars. Bembo . . . 664 Leo X, 1618-21. Scholarship and ecclesiastical preferment . . . 565 Greek printing at Rome. Leo X and the New Learning . . . 666 Sack of Rome, 1527. Later scholars. Condition of Italy . . . 667 Our debt to the Italian Renaissance . . . . . . . . 568 Humanism in the North. Erasmus, 1467-1536. His career. Attitude to- wards humanism 569 His educational and moral aims. The Bible 670 Vogue of his writings. Enlarged scope of the Renaissance in the North. Germany. Johann Miiller (Regioinontanus), d. 1476 . . . 571 Roelof Huysmann (Rudolf Agricola), d. 1485. Patrons. Universities. Johann Reuchlin, 1455-1522 . . . 672 Defence of Hebrew learning. Epistolae Obscurorum Virorum, 1514-7. Scholarship in the service of biblical criticism 573 Philip Melanchthon, 1497-1560. Characteristics of the Teutonic Renaissance 574 France. Intercourse with Italy. Greek studies. Lascaris. Aleaiider . 576 Greek printing at Paris, from 1507. Robert Estienue (Stephanus), and his son Henri. Budaeus. Turnebus 576 Lambinus. Dolet. French study of Roman Law. Scaliger, Salmasius, Casaubon. General character of French humanism as compared with Italian 577 Iberian peninsula. Barbosa. Lebrixa. Ximenes. Complutensian Polyglot, 1522. Fate of the New Learning in the peninsula .... 678 The Netherlands. Influence of Spain. Leyden. Lipsius. Vossius. Heinsius. Grotius 579 England. Oxford Hellenists, c. 1500. Grocyn. Linacre. William Lilly. Cambridge: Erasmus, 1510-13. Croke. Thomas Smith. Cheke. Ascham 680 Cambridge in 1542. Pronunciation of Greek 681 English Schools. British scholarship in the sixteenth century. Translations 682 Larger aspects of the English Renaissance. Conclusion. The work of Italy . . 683 Result of the Renaissance 684 CHAPTER XVII. THE CHRISTIAN RENAISSANCE. By M. R. JAMES, Litt.D., Fellow of King's College. Lack of Christian learning attested by Roger Bacon .... 585 Grosseteste's translations from the Greek 586 His interest in origins. Hebraic studies. Roger Bacon's statement of needs and actual services . . . . . . . . 687 Precursors of Grosseteste and Bacon. Greek learning at St Denis . . 588 Library of Christ Church, Canterbury, c. 1300 689 Hebrew learning in England in the later Middle Ages. At Paris. Domi- nican revision of the Vulgate 590 Hebrew learning more common than Greek. Nicholas de Lyra, d. 1340 591 Learning of the Franciscans. Catalogus lAbrorum Angliae . . . 692