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644 Lincoln at Richmond. [i865 own States; and in one year from that date a million volunteers had been mustered out of service, and had again taken up their ordinary vocations, without an ambition on the part of a single American soldier, except to continue to deserve in civil life whatever distinction he had won on the field. In contrast with the war-appropriations of over $500,000,000 for the fiscal year of 1865, the estimates for 1866 had been cut down to $33,000,000. On June 13, 1865, the President proclaimed the insurrection at an end in the State of Tennessee; and on August 20, 1866, his final proclamation announced that "peace, order, tranquillity and civil authority now exist in and throughout the whole of the United States of America." (7) THE DEATH OF LINCOLN. From his parting visit to General Grant at Petersburg on April 3, 1865, President Lincoln returned to City Point, where he learned that Richmond had fallen and had been occupied by Unionist troops ; and on the following day, April 4, Admiral Porter arranged a visit to the Con- federate capital for the President, the Admiral and several army officers. Proceeding by boat up the James river, the party started with ample conveniences for the trip. But when, on nearing Richmond, they came to a row of piles which had been placed across the river as a military obstruction, they found the opening through it so far closed by a disabled vessel that their steamer could not pass. With more zeal than prudence, the Admiral urged that they should leave behind their steamer, with the carriage and cavalry escort, and proceed in the twelve-oared barge he had brought along; and, seated in this, they were towed by a small tug-boat the remaining distance to one of the Richmond wharves. Procuring a guide from the coloured men loitering near their landing-place, and without knowing how far they had yet to go, Admiral Porter formed the party into a little procession of six sailors armed with carbines in front, and four in rear; and between these, without other escort, President Lincoln and his four companions walked a distance of perhaps a mile and a half to the centre of Richmond. In that southern latitude it was already hot, and the march was tedious and fatiguing, over rough roads and through dusty streets. Probably never before, in the whole course of history, did the ruler of a great nation make so simple and unpretending an entry into a conquered capital. The party at length reached the headquarters of General Weitzel, the new Federal commander, in the house which Jefferson Davis had occupied as his official residence only 36 hours before. After this, of course, every comfort was pro- vided for President Lincoln during the remainder of his stay, and in his visits to the scene of the conflagration which followed the