SANTIAGO
460
SANTIAGO
list of prelates is uninterrupted. Among them we
may mention Ugo (1269), formerly prior of the Holy
Sepulchre in Jerusalem; Jacopo (1400), who died in
repute of sanctity; Alessandro della Marra (I-ISS),
who restored the episcopal palace and tlie cathedral;
Giov. Matteo Sertori, present at the Latcran Council;
Giulio Sertori (1535), legate toFerrara under Charles
V and Phihp II; Giulio Antonio Santorio (1566),
later a cardinal, and Fausto Caffarello (1624), both
renowned for learning and piety; Gian Antonio Par-
ravicini (1654), even as parish priest of Sondrio in Val-
tellina was distinguished for his zeal in combatting
and converting heretics; Francesco Falabello (1660),
who suffered much in defence of the rights of his
church; Carlo Berlingeri (1678), a zealous pastor;
Xicolo Carmini Falco (1743), the learned editor of the
history of Dio Cassius.
In isiS the territories of the suppressed dioceses of Belcastro and S. Leone were united to Santa Seve- rina. Belcastro, considered by some authorities to be the ancient Chonia, had bishops from 1122; the most noted was Jacopo cli Giacomelli (1542), present at the Council of Trent. Bishops of S. Leone are known from 1322 till 1571, when the diocese was united to that of S. Severina. The archdiocese has now only one suffragan see, Caritati, and contains 21 parishes with 42,000 inhabitants, 80 priests, 4 convents, and 2 houses of nuns.
Cappelletti, Le chiese d'ltalia, XXI (Venice, 1857).
\J. Benigni.
Santiago (Cape Verde). See Sao Thiago de Cabo \erde, Diocese of.
Santiago, Knights of. See Saint James of Compo.stela, Order of.
Santiago, LTxiversity of. It has been asserted bj' s<nne historians that as early as the ninth century a course of general studies had been established at the University of Santiago by King Ordono who sent his sons there to be educated, but no absolute proof can be adduced to prove it. The first reliable sources say that it was founded in 1501 by Diego de Muros (Bishop of the Canaries), Diego de Muros (dean of Santiago), and Lope G6mez Marzo, who on 17 July, 1501, executed a public document establishing a school and aeademy for the study of the humanities, intend- ing, as the document proves, to later include all the other faculties. The founders endowed the school from their private fortunes. On 17 December, 1504, Julius 11 issued a Bull in which the foundation was de- clared of public utility for the whole of Galicia and granted it the same privileges as those enjoyed by all the other general schools (estiulios generales). In 1.506 the faculty of canon law was founded by Bull of Julius 1 1 . The faculties of theology and Sacred Scrip- ture were founded in 1555 and those of civil law and medicine in 1048, thus completing the university courses which were required at that time. The real founder of the University of Santiago was Archbishop Alfonsf> de Fon.seca, who founded the celebrated col- lege which bears his name. He endowed it munifi- cently and obtained from Clement VIII (1526) the riglit to found faculties, assign salaries, frame statutes for (lie rerfor, doctors, lectors, and students and for conferring degrees. The faculty of grammar and arts was installed in the hospital of Azabacheria which hafJ been suitably arranged. In 1555 Charles V sent Cuesta as royal delegate! with instructions to organ- ize the infant university. Knowing, doubtless, the wrangling which generally existed between the higher colleges and the universities, Cucsta's first care was to completely separate the University and the College of Fonseca, both as to organization and administration.
During the firfit period of its existence, that is from ita foundation to the time of Fonaeca, among the dis-
tinguished professors of the university may be men-
tioned Pedro de \'itoria and Alvaro de Cadabal, and
in the second epoch Villagran and Jose Rodriguez y
Gonzillez, professor of mathematics, appointed by the
Emperor of Russia to direct the observatory of St.
Petersburg, and associated with Blot and Arago in
the measurement of the meridional circle, and many
others. After many disputes and agreements the
Jesuits were given charge of the grammar courses in
1593, and remained in charge until their expulsion
from the Spanish possessions in 1767. The depart-
ment of arts was transferred from the Azabacheria to
the university. The constitutions of Cuesta were
modified by Guevara, by Pedro Portocarrero in 1588,
and finally by Alonso Munoz Otalora. All these
changes were approved by Philip II and were in vogue
until the general reforms which took place in the
eighteenth century.
The collegers of Fonseca, San Clemente, San Mar- tin, Pinario, and that of the Jesuits were independent colleges which were founded and which thrived in the shadow of the university. In the seventeenth century, in this as in all the other universities, studies fell into a state of decadence; between the university and Fon- seca College arose serious differences which were not settled until the middle of the eighteenth century in time of Ferdinand VI. About this time (1751), how- ever, many notable reforms were introduced, the number of professorships was increased, and more extensive attributes were granted to the university; a treasurer was also appointed and the rector waa named b}' roj-al order.
In 1769 the university was transferred to the build- ing formerly occupied by the Jesuits and the faculties were increased making a total of thirty-three, seven of theology, five of canon law, six of civil law, five of medicine, one of mathematics, one of moral phil- osophy, one of experimental physics, three of arts, and four of grammar. After the university had taken pos- session of the old Jesuit college it soon became evident that some additions would have to be made, and al- though these were carried out without any special plan they resulted in a spacious building with a severe and dignified fagade. In 1799 the faculty of medicine was suppressed, but it was restored once more in 1801. Canon Juan Martinez Oliva was appointed royal visi- tor; his visit, however, was not productive of lasting results, the recommendations he had made being set aside in 1807. From then until the present time the university has suffered from the constantly alt(M'ing plans of the Government which has deprived all col- leges and universities of their former state of auton- omy. The faculty of theology was definitely sup- pressed in 1852. The influence of the university in Galicia has been great, and from its halls men eminent in all walks of life have passed. The library of 40,000 volumes is good, as are also the laboratories of pliysi(!s, chemistry, and natural history. The latter possesses a crystallographi(!al collection of 1024 wooden modela which formerly belonged to the Abb6 Haiiy. The present number of students reaches between 700 and 1000, the majority of whom follow the medical and law courses.
ViSah, Anuiirio de la Univrrnidarl de SaTitiago para el ctirso de tfiHO to IS,57; DE i,A FuENTE, /list, de las Universidades (Madrid, 1884); DK l,A Campa, HiM. filondfica de la Instruccidn Piihlirn de ExpafUi (1872); Semper y Guarinos, Ensayo de una liihlinlrca eapaflola de lot Mejores escritorea del reinado de Carlos III (178.5); Bolrtin oficial de la Direccidn General de Instruccidn Publico del afio de ISOr,.
Teodoro RodrIouez.
Santiago de Chile, Archdiocese of (Sancti Jacobi de Chile), comprises the civil Provinces of Aconcagua (area 6226 square miles), Valparaiso (area 1659 square miles), Santiago (area 5223 square miles), O'Higgins (2.524 square miles, this province is named after the liberator of Chile, Hernard O'Higgins), Col- chagua (area 3795 square miles), Curic6 (area 2913
