Zabarella, Francesco, cardinal, celebrated can- onist, b. at Padua, 10 August, 1360; d. at Constance, 2t) September, 1417. He studied jurisprudence at Bologna (137S-83) chiefly under the famous Giovanni di Lignano, and at Florence, where he was graduated in 1385. He taught canon law at Florence (138.'>-
90) and at Padua
(1390-1410) . Having taken minor orders in 138.5, he became vicar of Bishop Acciajuoliof Flor- ence and pastor at the Church of Santa Maria in Pruneta near Florence. After the resignation of Bishop .\cciajuoli in List). Zabarella was elect oil liis successor, but the pope had pre- viously appointed another as bishop. In 1398 he was made archpriest of the cathedral at Padua. The Paduan Government repeatedly employed him on diplomatic missions, and, towards the end of 1404, he was one of two ambassadors sent to King Charles VI of France to obtain the latter's assistance against Venice, which was prepar- ing to annex Padua. When Padua had become part of the Venetian Republic in 1406, Zabarella became a loyal supporter of Venice. In 1409 he took part in the Council of Pisa as councillor of the Venetian legate. On IS July, 1410, John XXIII appointed him Bishop of Florence and papal referendary, and on 6 June, 1411, cardinal deacon with the titular church of SS. Cosma e Damiano.
Though he never received major orders, he was one of the most active and influential cardinals of John XXIII, whose interests he supported at the Council of Rome (1412-3). When this council failed to end the lamentable .schism, John XXIII sent Cardinals Zabarella and De Challant as legates to King Sigis- mund at Como in October, 1413, with full powersto come to an understanding with the latter concerning the place and time for holding a new council. It was arranged loopen the new council at Constance, 1 No- vember, 1414, where Zabarella was one of the chief supporters of John XXIII. When the latter fled from Constance 20 March, 141.5, in order to thwart the election of a new pope, Zabarella remained as his representative. It was chicny through his influence that John XXIII finally resigned the papacy uncon- ditionally in .\pril, 141.5. Nevertheless the council continued its proceedings against John, and commis- sioned Zabarella with four other cardinals to inform him of his suspension and, later, of his formal deposi- tion by the council. In the proceedings against the Avignonese Pope Benedict XIII, Zabarella proposed, at the session held 28 Nov., 1416, that Benedict be cited before the coimcil. He also took part in the proceedings of the council against IIuss, Jerome of Prague, and Jean Petit. His attempts to induce the
two former to sign a softened form of retraction
proved useless. From April till the end of July he
sought to regain health and strength at a neighbouring
watering place. On 28 July he was again at Con-
stance, and up to the time of his death exerted all his
influence to hasten the election of a new pope. He
is buried in the cathedral at Padua.
His most important literary production is an ecclesi- astico-poUtieal treatise, "De schismate" (Strasburg, 154.5). It consists of independent portions, written at different intervals (1403-5-6-8), and contains vari- ous suggestions for ending the schism. His chief canonical writings are: "Lectura super Clemen- tinis" (Naples, 1471); " Commentarius in libros Decretalium" (Venice, 1502); "Consilia" (Venice, 1 58 1 ) . He also wrote " De f elicitat e libri 1 1 1 " (Padua, 1655); "De arte metrica"; "De natura rerum diver- sarum"; "De corpore Christi"; and a few small juridical treatises. A large number of his letters are in the imperial hbrary of Vienna, Cod. I.at. 5513.
Kneer, Kardinal Zabarella. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichle des grossen abenla/idischen Srhismas, I (Miinstcr, 1891); Finke, Ada Concilii Conglamiensis. I (Miinstcr, 1896); Keppleh. Bis Polilik des KardinahkaUegium!, in Konslans (Munster, 1899); Vedova, MemoTie intorno a Francesco Zabarella (Padua, 1829); PiNTON, Appunti biografici intorno al grande giuriata ed uman- ista Card. Zabarella (Potonza, ISS.'i); Zardo, Francesco Zabarella a Firenze in Arch. star. Hal., XXII, 1-22, and separately (Flor- ence, 1898).
Michael Ott.
Zabulon, one of the twelve sons of Jacob and ancestor of the tribe of the same name (Gen., xlvi, 14; Num., xx\-i, 26). Nothing is known of Zabulon except that Sared, Elon, and Jahelel were his sons and the heads of three tribal families. The tribe of Zabulon plays an important part in the early history of Israel. The name is Hebrew; it occurs in the form zShiilCn, eighteen times; z&MUun, twenty-six times; zShiUCn, once; Sept., Zapov'Kiiv; Josephus (.\nt., V, vii, 14), ZojSoi/X^t; Vulg., Zabulon, the New Testament read- ing is that of the Septuagint. The meaning of the name is doubtful. There seems to be a play upon Zehcd; cf. Lia's words in Gen., xxx, 20: "God hath gifted me (zih&ddni) with a good gift (zibid); this time my husband shall honour me (yizbileni), because I have borne him six sons; and therefore she called his name Zabulon".
At the census of the tribes, in the Desert of Sinai, during the second year of the Exodus, the tribe of Zabulon numbered 57,400 men fit for war (Num., i, 31). This army, under the command of Eliab, en- camped with Juda and Issachar east of the tabernacle and with them made up the vanguard of the line of march (Num., ii, 3-9). Among the spies sent by Mo.ses to view the land of Chanaan, Geddiel the son of Sodi represented Zabulon (Num., xiii, 11). At Set- tim, in the land of Moab, after 24,000 men were slain for their crime, a second census was taken; Zabulon numbered 00,.500 fighting men (Num., xxvi, 27). Elisaphan, son of Pharnach, was chosen to represent Zabulon at the division of the Land of Promise (Num., xxxiv, 25). The tribe seems to have easily conquered its portion. During the rule of Josue it received no special mention. While the judges ruled, its prowess was worthy of note. In the Canticle of Debbora the tribe is specially singled out as having "offered their lives to death in (he region of Merome" (Judges, V, 18) ; and praised for that there came "out of Zabu- lon they that led the army to fight", as in Heb.,
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