Masonic fedention ui to be judged not eo much by the acts and things it baa accompliabed, aa by the whole of
its principles and purposes.
The Free, "
dSrii.^".':
the 1.. ■
R.Fii (...' 1^1. -■ . I' N iinirl 18(W,l,.i.>i>f. lll^imHripiilMiuu
Iste ALEtuT Pike. Gnod Comm
Council (CbarloalQD. South Cninliiu. ed^vd IB the (imtcflt authority id nil Miui !□£ to NoRTOH "'tbo world- renow ITS) ii EeDDTBliv admilleil aa tl
the OiTind Orator RoBEOT (Indian Tamtoi^") he '■
i. I. 25).
orld'
MoraU and Dot
_r Muanty la ki
. -J the Ncic Age. M-»-
» tbe foremom flgure in the Fnw
(1901). II. 458). "the gr«l. ^ ■'."thoPfophetofFj
.Ceatur, , .„
'luJ /(Of (IBIO, 1, H). "»«
Tre rflvu«d and apiiiluiklit ^
■ logma, curTBnllv quolHd by ui, ia highly
by tbfi cflebnitcd Umnnii: scbabu^ Tcupi-E (BruMcli) and _ .V, ... . . .u. 1 . i^..... — ,-. .: Lodp,
SrBTH. tba late necretary „. .....
at Londoa (CAr.. 188S, I. 339). actordina to the BalUlin d/ i (1H83, 211) wen "true coda I
«U the Supreme Counciln of tl
Ooundb of En ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
- Wisdom". The well-
kept la leadinc irtrinAH
1898. 215). The
call* Pilw: "T
Findel, the Oei
of the Wh Desrea" (SauAUIe, ISOl. 12S>.
Mawmic PublioalioDS. Encyclopedias: MicitBY, (1) Encn- deprdMa/^r«Tna»riTV(LaDdon, 1908) .even this recent edi^OD. Hcordins to American authorities, is thorDUBhlysoliqualAJ and scarcely an improvement on (hat of 18«0: foEii. l2)Liiiam of Freemaaonrv (LimdoD. 1SH4): OuiER. Ditl. ol Sumbolic Fttf nitwniv (London. IS63): Nackehme, rAfffctralMoKmic Cud. <18TS-f): WoooroRD, K(nn>iw'>CV. (1S7S): Lenhihq. £>■- Old. dtr Preimaurerti (1822-1828); InEii *nd Henne *u Rhtn. AUecmtina Handbvrh dtr Ft., 2Dd ed. (1863-79); Pia- cer.K, Alia. Handb.d. Ft.. MA fA-ilMO); theseeditioos contain vaiuaUe information and answer scientific requiremeDU fsr more than all the other Musonic cyelopediae (A. Q. C. XI, St); aiEVENB, Cuclopfdu of FrottniUiei (New York. IMT).
Masonic Isw and Jurisprudence: Tht Cmilitiaimi of Us Frermattm; 17MS. 1738: Nma C«tu(iluttiHir)i BikA, etc. < 1741); pK La TiKItcI, Hiiloirr. Obligalioni, H SUUuli, etc. <FrBnkfort. i7i2): QuyiK, MatoBie Jurujirvdcim {1S59, 1S74): Chabi, Dtgetl of Matonic Lav (ISeai: Milckkt, Tat Book of Union. JurupridmctHSSB)-. vjm Ohoddxck. ete., VtriueA einrr Dai- itcUuno da fotilivm tnntm Frdmaurtr. Rtthlx (1S7T), the beat
"hiSo'Ic^: Andebboh, Hi**. D/Frmnasmrv' in the fimt edi- tions Bud tiannlationa of the Boot of Contitalioni (most unre- liable, even after 1717); Preston. IlluHralioTu of Maionry (17721. ed.OuvEB (lasfii, IhouBh not reliable in some historical
(isss). I iiiF-ii-.. ' ■. .. .- r
Thf Obnui und t^rrrmitaonrv. ocrorrtirii Umi andaaniniit iSe« Yaik, IfiliO]; vtdualmBndBoeekdrrFrar-
yrwmaKmry (ISSl-I; 1906),
1U9: l&Buentu] in apreuUnc more
■monc Uasona; Qodld. Hit. of Frurmawnrv (» vols., 1883- 1887), now nput«d the best histoiinal work on Froemnsonry; -— ODB Chawlet. CamrMario HtbrmiiM (1895-1000): «. Origin of Iht^ntjMHile^ofFremmtryhSliih Tkt
flS23);TSiSlarin Ihr BaM 1 1327): Signt and Synl
iaS7):Pm.(l)MamltaHdi>0fmaBfcheA.A.Scoi... . ._,
MaaiiaH2)^lDtM.(2)T/teBookafUuiWordtSeas(l»7S)jlBBi.
a'lJhe PotA and Uu MiddU Choicer. B«ok of At Lodft fesi
(lB70-7a):K»AtmE.Di.
(l87a);lDUi«,l4 ,--.
dnti dJMm Kumlurkunden dtr Frmra
esteemed, in spite of faiatoriea] enon, as a aritieal ^ipnniatiiiB of Frcemuooiy; Fihdcl (beat Gennaa authority). OtiM md
"im *T Fr. (1874, 1809); I ""'- "- -■- "- ■-
<tterbAcn(l8g2); Idsh, Di*
I. Die OmndMtie der Fr. m
\4 WdUmntluiu.x
1891) and SionaU (1895-1905).
Anti-masonic publication!: Fmm 1T23-174.1. EunlLib Fm-
oaaoniy and AHnENSON, Hiwtory, wen derided in mMiy pab>
bcatioog (GoDLD, 2, 294, 327); acauut Freoeh Freemasoon
appeared: VOrdrtdiiFrHnuuonHtahinsa lA..Q,C..lX..tSl
aad Le SrcrU da itopta r^rlli (1745); Sc«u nmpu (1745);
on the oceaalon of the French Revolution; LEimuic, Lt nit
Um (1792). In the United Sutes the sati-MaKmic nuvoncet
l>egBnl783: Creior, Hojonnr and Jnfimasmrv (1854): Snin,
LiUtrion MoKmni and AntimoKnrii (18.12); FirHUH. Dim/att
of MoKnru (IKIK): Vfiialogui of anH-Maimie Ivoiu (Bwten,
INAl'): .■i^A. .•itin.nu-n ubcr tiiktitnc QaOlichttfloi Mid Fnnni
Frrurordm tn Hriner iroAriri Bidndiat
, lo. Dii Frmrei and dai aane. PfaTraml
lS54-Se); CivOHi CaUelitaADtx ISW; Neoro) - "' '
(1901), trHces the ]
(IfffSli
< dtUa rivoltuione liloJuM 0900-01); Ehicua. £a ■«■
_.. rork of lUlian Mssaniv from La Front-moLfonneri* H la Rtwit%- .... .... . ,_ ..,., (jj^ ^
work ol
icA (2iid ed., 1879. IV. 138)
lI ol the Older", and T, O.
of Masonry: " the uncrowned king
(UR (1872): Jahet. Lti toeinit
1B80-S3). best naeral survey
.„~. .^..i^i— ■„ .11 ~,..„.rioi: BBDWEia, LAction dt Im ■ (1392): Lehoube. La Fnmc-m.
' BiLHm.u.IjiFrane-m.
_ .1(1899); NocRRUSOK,
(1900); luEH. La Jacohinm ou poinvir
, ^1 Grand Oritnt dt Frana (1906); Nut.
utnuc du ffrand jo-ur dr la publicUf (18M). contains
(189i,. __ _. _
(19041; Biu. to,"
Mali
usble <
.. La Maronnirie Bclgt (IBoS). documents on the most
political activity of Belgian Masoniy; de La Fcertc
- _ J. i_. t..__j_j , ,.■ F Etpata.
HAS. to atasoneria rn BifK^^flSOi-At:
<mThTv< , ... ___
'irAeif der i^rwirn (1884): GrT- Ordnrnit (1893): Idem, (5) fini
Hi:«or
etc. (1870-71:
(1S81): Tim _
DE Rafael. La Maaoni. ._ , ,_. ,. ,
LKR, Der itillf KrivBiemTli-nmundAUa Raich). Dit inncrc VnuKilirfiat der Frmri DieFTmrriu ' - - " ■
( 1 899 1 "id Ml. "mFmieiundUmH uri5TO«jw>«r'(i5o lY: Sfm/nS durdl da> Rridi drr Frmrri (1897): EwALD, Ltvt und Kldlur- jlamp/(lS99); OesEO.Drr Hamnrrd. fmm. etc. (1876): W.B., Sei^raga lur OarJiKhte drr F. in Ocitrrreiili (18^); Die Frmra inOrMfrrric/iUnaam nS97). IaPaliiod:Mi -■ ■
~ " PDln.Eri.4' ' "~ "
„ . „!■-- (T.f "
- .(1876);1
W); DieF
lALOW Z)lV I
lawi.OMiu
830:1877);
1908): for Anslo-Suan i
.... , , A Stadv in American Fn
.—DfiTv (St. Louis. 1908), ■ careful discussion on the basis the standard works of Hackey and Pike.
Hermann Gboser.
Boo«, Ofdi. der Frtimaw^rn (1806); Haicall, Rut. ofFm
vuuonry llSai): Bariv Hiil.andTTantacliantafMatoneof.Vea
York (1878); McTlekachah, Hit. of Iht Fral. in Keic York
(1888-94); Hobs Robe«t»o«, ff £i*. o/ Fr«™oimifv in CnMdo
hS90): Dnvimona. Hitl. and Bibluer. Memoranda and HiM. of
(^jotn, //iV. (18M*): TiWKT.Aninh'.'ely.'.thi'a'r'i'^'fol^'-nlilr
cr
Spiril
(1822,
1723 and 1738: Hdtc
Spirit of FreematonrTi (1775); 'Cavtv.SyMem of Spec. Mat
Olivsk, ilnJtfuttiM of Freematonrji
. . -Name of several plaoes in the Bible. The
Septuagint transcribes Katipi, Hoirffir^, Hafm^r; Vulg.: Afaspka and Masphath {once Mtuphe, Mam- pha, Mesphe); Hebrew: Alifpeh and Mi^paA; the latter almost invariably in pause. The word, with many other proper names, is derived from \/^PH = watch, observe, and means "watch-tower" {spwtijum, ffnvJa), which sense it bears twice in the Bible (Is., xii, 8; II Par., XK, 24^. Joaephus interprets by rare- wTiv^rBior (Antt.VI,ii, I). It tsthus a natural name for a town in a commanding position (ef. the Crusad- ing Belvoir, and el-Mi^hr(feh (Palmer, Desert of the Exodus, II, 513). Like the latter it almost invariably has the article.
Mabpha op Galaad. — Hiatory. — Jacob to ratify his compact with Laban, " took a stone and set it up for a title, and he said to his brethren 'Bring hither stones'. And they, gathering stones together, made a heap and they ate upon it (or&yitR.V.). Andl^ban said. 'This heap (Kal) shall be a witness ('M) between me and thee this dav, and therefore the name thereof was called Galaad (gal'ed) and Mf^^pah (so R. V.with Hebrew) for he said 'The I^ord watch (ye^et VpFH) between me and thee when we are absent one from an- another'" (Gen. XXXI, 45 ff.). Here the Vulgate omits Adm-Mffpo*. ^^ Septuagint translates * ifitra, Targtims of OnkeloaandSiire, SekOthA, i. e. view. The