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BBADDON 145 BBADLEY BRADDON, MARY ELIZABETH, an English novelist, born in London in 1837. She very early showed a turn for literature, which she indulged by send- ing verses and other trifles to the maga- zines and newspapers. In 1860 she es- sayed a more sustained effort in a comedietta called "The Loves of Arcadia," which was brought out at the Strand Theater. Her first great success came with the publication, in 1862, of "Lady Audley's Secret," which instantly at- tained a great popularity, which has since been extended by the production of numerous works of the same order, such as "Aurora Floyd," "Eleanor's Victory," "Lovels of Arden," "Dead Sea Fruit," "Weavers and Weft," "Cloven Foot," "Mount Royal," "When the World Was Younger" (1897), "The Green Curtain" (1911), "Miranda" (1913). She died in 1915. BRADFORD, a municipal and parlia- ' mentary borough and important manu- facturing town in the W. Riding of York- shire, England. The more modern portion has well built streets, and since 1861, most extensive street improvements have been carried out at a cost of about $5,- 000,000. There is a large number of scientific, educational, and charitable in- stitutions, among which are the new technical college, the free grammar school endowed by Charles II., the fever hos- pital, built at a great cost, and the almshouses of the Tradesmen's Benev- olent Society. There are several public parks, and an extensive system of water- works which afford a supply of about 10,000,000 gallons a day. Bradford is the chief seat in England of the spinning and weaving of worsted yarn and woolens. Pop. (1917) 206,338. BRADFORD, a city in McKean CO., Pa., on several railroads; 15 miles N. W. of Smethport, the county-seat. It is in an extensive coal, oil, and natural gas region, and is principally engaged in in- dustries connected therewith, besides hav- ing machinery, chemical, boiler, and brick and tile works. The city has electric street railroads, daily and weekly news- papers. National banks, large hospital, and several libraries. Pop. (1910) 14,- 544; (1920) 15,525. BRADFORD, WILLIAM, an Ameri- can colonial governor and author, born in Austerfield, Yorkshire, England, in March, 1588. He was one of the signers of the celebrated compact on the May- flower; and, in 1621, on the death of the first governor, John Carver, was elected to the same office, which he continued to fill (with the exception of a brief period) until his death. His administration was remarkably efficient and successful, espe- cially in dealing with the Indians. His "Diary of Occurrences," covering the first year of the colony, was published in 1622. He left a number ef religious composi- tions in verse; and historical prose wri1> ings of great value, the most important being his "History of the Plymouth Plan- tation." He died in Plymouth, Mass., May 9, 1657. BRADFORD CLAY, the middle mem- ber of the upper division of the Lower Oolites as developed in the west of Eng- land. It nearly corresponds in age with the limestones of the Great Oolite, but is generally a pale, grayish clay with lit- tle calcareous matter, though inclosing bands of impure limestone. BRADFORD-ON-AVON, or GREAT BRADFORD, an ancient town of Eng- land, in Wiltshire, beautifully situated 28 miles N. W. of Salisbury, on the banks of the lower Avon, with manufactures of woolen cloth. BRADLAITGH, CHARLES, an Eng- lish reformer, born in London, Sept. 26, 1833. He became a street orator when 14 or 15 years old, and his atheistic opinions date from the same period. Ex- pelled from home on this account, he supported himself in various ways. He edited a journal called the "In- vestigator" in 1858, and a year later became editor of the "National Re- former." In 1873 he visited the United States and delivered lectures in the prominent cities. He was elected to Parliament for Northampton, in 1880, but for refusing to take the oath he was expelled from the House of Com- mons. He again appealed to his con- stituents in 1882, and was re-elected by a small majority, but was not al- lowed to take his seat. In 1885, no opposition being raised to his taking the oath, he took his seat in Parlia- ment. He died Jan. 30, 1891. BRADLEY, WILLIAM O'CONNELL, thirty-second Governor of Kentucky (1895-1899) ; born near Lancaster, Ky., March 18, 1847. During the Civil War he twice enlisted in the Federal army, but was twice discharged on account of his youth. Finally settling down to the study of the law, he was admitted to practice at the age of eighteen by a special act of the Legislature. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Gar- rard county in 1870. In the Repub- lican National convention of 1884 he opposed the contemplated curtailment of Southern representation in national conventions. He was elected the first