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rATKNCE 88 FAIENCE, a fine kind of pottery origi- nally made in imitation of majolica. The different kinds of faience are produced by the use of common or of fire-clay; the admixture of sand with the clay, as in Persian ware; the use of a trans- parent or of a colored glaze; of an opaque or translucent enamel, or by a combination of these processes on the same piece. FAILSWORTH, a city of Lancashire, England. It is on the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway. It has important manufactures of cotton. Pop. about 17,000. FAIOUM. or FAYOUM. See Fayum. FAIRBAIRN, SIB WILLIAM, a Scotch civil engineer; born in Kelso, Scotland, Feb. 19, 1789; entered business in Manchester, England, in 1817. He constructed the first iron ship in Eng- land and afterward his firm built over 100 iron vessels. He was associated with Robert Stephenson in designing and building the great tubular bridge over Menai Strait. He was the author of "Iron, Its History and Manufacture"; "Iron Shipbuilding"; "Useful Informa- tion for Engineers"; "An Experimental Inquiry Into the Strength, Elasticity, Ductility, and Other Properties of Steel" (1869); etc. He died Aug. 18, 1874. FAIRBANKS, a city of Alaska on the Tanana river. It is the chief city of the territory and is the site of the Fourth Judicial District and of government activities in the interior of Alaska. It is the center of the important Fair- banks gold-mining district. It is a well- built city and has schools, churches, hospitals, and wireless and telephone con- nection with the outer world. It is the shipping point for miners' supplies. It has all the characteristics of an impor- tant city. The principal section of the new Alaskan railroad is the one from Chitina to Fairbanks, 313 miles. See Alaska. FAIRBANKS, ARTHUR, an Ameri- can art director, born in Hanover, N. H., in 1864. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1886 and attended the Yale Divinity School and the Union Theo- logical Seminary. He also studied in Germany. He was on the faculty of Dartmouth College and Yale and Cornell Universities until 1900, when he became professor of Greek literature and archae- ology at the University of Iowa. In 1906, he was appointed professor of Greek and Greek archaeology in the Uni- versity of Michigan. He was in the following year appointed director of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. He was FAIRFAX a member of many classical and learned societies. He wrote "Introduction to Sociology" (1896) ; "The Mythology of Greece and Rome" (1907) ; "Handbook of Greek Religion" (1910) ; "Greek Gods and Heroes" (1915). FAIRBANKS, DOUGLAS, an Ameri- can actor, born in Denver, Colo., in 1883. He was educated at the Jarvis Military Academy in Denver, and at the Colorado School of Mines. He made his first ap- pearance on the stage in New York in 1901 and afterward appeared as a star in several successful plays. His chief success, however, was won as a moving- picture actor, in which he attained great prominence, both in the United States and other countries. FAIRBURY a city, of Nebraska, the county-seat of Jefferson co. It is on the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific, the Burlington, and the St. Joseph and Grand Island railroads, and on the Little Blue river. It has important manufactures and is the center of an important fruit- growing region. There are a library; postoffice, and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 5,294; (1920) 5,454. FAIRCHILD, CHARLES STEBBINS, an American public official, born at Cazenovia, N. Y., in 1842. He graduated from Harvard University in 1863, and after studying law was admitted' to the bar in 1865. He was deputy attorney- general of New York in 1874, and at- torney-general in 1876-1877. In 1885 he was assistant secretary of the Treasury in President Cleveland's Cabinet, and be- came Secretary of the Treasury in 1887. He was an officer and director in many important financial institutions. FAIRFAX, THOMAS, LORD, a Brit- ish military officer; born in Denton, Eng- land, Jan. 17, 1611. He was the eldest son of Ferdinand, Lord Fairfax. On the first breaking out of the civil discon- tents, following the example of his father, Fairfax embraced the popular side, and ranged himself as one of the firmest opponents of the royal party in Church and state. On the commence- ment of hostilities, he was commissioned by the Parliament to act as general of the horse under his father, who was made commander in the north. After the passing of the "Self-denying ordi- nance," Fairfax was appointed general, conjointly with Cromwell. He and Skip- ton commanded the main body of the Parliamentary army at the battle ^^ of Naseby; after which he marched with a powerful division to the W. counties; and, having reduced Exeter and other important towns, proceeded to lay siege to Oxford. His conduct on all occasions..