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FICUS 128 FIELD (1910) ; "Twelve Japanese Painters" (1913); and "An April Elegy" (1917). During the World War he was captain of the Ordnance Department. He served in France until July, 1919, rising to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. FICUS, in botany, a genus of Moraceas; flowers unisexual, the males and females mixed indisci-iminately on the inner side of a concave fleshy recep- tacle, the upper margin of which consti- tutes a narrow aperture. Flowers sep- arated from each other by soft, colorless, bristle-like bracts or scales. The genus is a very large one, about 600 species being already known. They occur in all the hotter parts of the world. FIELD, CYRUS WEST, an Ameri- can capitalist; born in Stockbridge, Mass., Nov. 30, 1819; received a fair CYRUS WEST FIELD education; began the manufacture and sale of paper in 1840, and soon became wealthy. About 1845 he turned his at- tention to ocean telegraphy. In 1854 the Newfoundland Legislature granted him the right for 50 years to land cables between the United States and Europe on that island. He later organized the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company, of which Peter Cooper, Moses Taylor, Marshall O. Roberts, and Chandler White were mem- bers. In 1866, after many disappoint- ments and failures, a cable was success- fully stretched across the ocean (sed Atlantic Telegraph). For his achieve- ment Congress voted him a gold medal and the thanks of the people. In 1867 the Grand Medal, the highest honor of the Paris Exposition, was bestowed on him. He died in New York City, July 12, 1892. FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY, an Ameri- can jurist; born in Haddam, Conn., Feb. 13, 1805; was admitted to the New York bar in 1828; practiced till 1885, distin- guishing himself especially by his labors in the direction of a reform of the ju- diciary system. In 1857 he was ap- pointed by the State to prepare a politi- cal, civil, and penal code, of which the last was adopted by New York, and all have been accepted by some other States. In 1866, by a proposal brought before the British Social Science Congress, he procured the appointment of a committee of jurists from the principal nations to prepare the outlines of an international code, which were presented in a report to the same congress in 1873. This movement resulted in the formation of an association for the reform of the law »f nations, and for the substitution of arbiti'ation for war, of which Mr. Field was the first president. He died in New York City, April 13, 1894. FIELD, EUGENE, an American journalist; bom in St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 2, 1850. By his poems and tales in the press he won a high reputation in the West. His complete works comprise: "Love Songs of Childhood," "A Little Book of Western Verse," "A Second Book of Verse," "The Holy Cross, and Other Tales," "The Love Affairs of a Bibliomaniac." He made, in collabora- tion with his brother, Roswell Martin Field, some good translations from Horace — "Echoes from the Sabine Farm." He died in Chicago, 111., Nov. 4, 1895. rJIELD, HENRY MARTYN, an American clergyman and scholar; born in Stockbridge, Mass., April 3, 1822; brother of Cyrus West and Stephen Johnson Field; was graduated at Wil- liams College, and was ordained to the ministry in 1842. In 1854 he became editor and proprietor of the New York "Evangelist." He was a lifelong trav- eler. Among his work are: "Summer Pictures from Copenhagen to Venice" (1859) ; "History of the Atlantic Tele- graph" (1866) ; "From Egypt to Japan" (1878); "On the Desert" (1883); 'Umong the Holy Hills" (1883); "Our Western Archipelago"'; "The Barbary Coast"; "Old Spain and New Spain"; "The Story of the Atlantic Cable." He died in 1907.