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ELL ELLIOTT St. Louis and other cities. The number of lodges has now grown to between 1,200 and 1,400, and they are found in places as distant as Honolulu and Alaska. The order, in addition to the help given its members, has liberally contributed to outside causes, with over $3,000,000 hav- ing been so donated. Citizens over 21 are eligible and lodges are confined to cities with a population of at least 5,000. The property and cash of the order amount to over $11,000,000, its member- ship is nearly 500,000, and its annual dis- bursement close to $600,000. ELL, a measure originally taken in some vague way from the arm, and which has been used to denote very dif- ferent lengths. The English ell, as a measure of cloth, is equal to IV4 yard, the Flemish % yard, and the French to 1% yard. ELLENBOROUGH, EDWARD LAW, 1st EARL OF, son of Lord Chief -Justice Ellenborough ; born in 1790. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge, and in 1818, having succeeded his father as sec- ond baron, he entered the House of Lords. He took office in 1828 as lord privy-seal, and became president of the board of control in 1828-1830, and again in 1834. In 1841 he accepted the gover- nor-generalship of India, and arrived in Calcutta in 1842, in time to bring the Afghan war to a successful issue; but he was recalled early in 1844. On his return, however, he was defended by Wellington, and received the thanks of Parliament, an earldom, and the Grand Cross of the Bath. He then held the post of first lord of the admiralty (1845- 1846), and was president of the board of control from February to June, 1858. His dispatch censuring the policy of Lord Canning as governor-general of India led to his resignation, and he never resumed office. He died in 1871. ELLESMERE LAND, the southern body of land W. of north Greenland, and N. of Jones Sound, forming the extreme N. extension of the Arctic archipelago of North America. It has no inhabit- ants and is a region of perpetual ice. Baffin noted it early in the 17th century, but Otto Sverdrup's explorations (1898- 1902) have added most to our knowledge. ELLICE ISLANDS, a group in the Pacific, discovered in 1819, situated in lat. 8° 30' S., and Ion. 179° 13' E. They form, with the Marshall and the Gilbert group, a continuation of the Carolines, and these three archipelagoes, in fact, have sometimes been called the Eastern Carolines. Their discovery, their settle- ment, and their history, however, all shov/ that they should be considered dis- tinct from the Carolines, the Gilberts, or the Pelews. In 1892 they were annexed by Great Britain, though they are of no great strategic importance. ELLIOTT, HOWARD, an American railway president, born in New York in 1860. He was educated at Cambridge High School and the Lawrence Scientific School. After serving in various capac- ities for several railroads in the West, he became general manager of the Chi- cago, Burlington and Kansas City, and other roads in 1896, serving until 1902. He was in succession 2d vice-president of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy; president of the Northern Pacific; and president of the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads. He served in the latter capacity until 1917, when he resigned to become chairman of the board of directors of the New Haven system. He was president of the Northern Pacific railway until 1920, and was chairman of the board of directors of that railroad from that date. He was a member of many engineering societies. During the World War he acted as a member of the special committee on national defense of the American Railway Association. ELLIOTT, JOHN, an American artist, born in England in 1858. He was pri- vately educated and studied art in Paris. His art work was chiefly portraits and mural decorations. Among the latter were ceiling decorations in the Boston Public Library, and a mural painting in the National Museum of Washington. In 1908 he served with the American Red Cross in the relief of the sufferers of the Messina earthquake, and was architect of the American village constructed for the sufferers of that catastrophe. _ He re- ceived decorations from the Italian and Spanish Governments. ELLIOTT, MAUD HOWE, an Ameri- can writer, the daughter of Julia Ward Howe, born in Boston in 1854. She was privately educated in America and Eu- rope. In 1887 she married John Elliott. She wrote many books, including: "Roma Beata" (1904) ; "Two in Italy" (1905) "Sun and Shadow in Spain" (1908) "Life and Letters of Julia Ward Howe' (1915). In 1917 she was awarded the Joseph Pulitzer prize for the best Amer- ican biography teaching patriotism. Dur- ing the World War she was a member of the executive committee of the N. E. Italian War Relief Fund, and was also a member of the Rhode Island Food Con- servation Commission. ELLIOTT, MAXINE, an American actress. Her real name was Jessie Der- mot. She was born in Rockland, Me., in 1873. She made her first appearance on