Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/191

FLINT 163 FLINT IMPLEMENTS tion, the white of the chalk is still seen on its external surface. Luster subvitre- ous; fracture conchoidal, leaving a cut- ting edge. Most of the flints scattei'ed on the surface of the ground or existing in Tertiary or more recent sedimentary deposits came originally from the cre- taceous rocks, one division of M^hich is termed Upper White Chalk with flints, this being distinguished from the Lower White Chalk without flints. Next to the Maestricht beds and Faxoe limestone, the chalk with flints constitutes the highest or newest layer yet discovered of the sedimentary rocks. The organic portion of flint pebbles consists of diatoms, sea- weeds of low organization, the minute infusorial animals called polycistina, the spicules of sponges, with echinoderms, etc. They are the same as those in agate and chalk. Liquor of flints, a solution of flint in potassic hydrate. To skin a flint, to descend to any false economy or meanness to make a trifling sum of money. DR. SIMON FLEXNER FLINT, a city and county-seat of Genesee co., Mich.; on the Flint river and on the Grand Trunk Western and the Pere Marquette railroads; 64 miles N. N. W. of Detroit. Here are a court house, the State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, a private retreat for the insane, a high school, waterworks, gas and elec- tric lights, public library, a National bank and several daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. It has a large num- ber of saw mills, carriage and wagon factories, automobile works, iron works, stove works, flour and woolen mills, etc. Pop. (1910) 38,550; (1920) 91,599. FLINT, AUSTIN, an American phy- sician ; born in Petersham, Mass., Oct. 30, 1812; was graduated at the medical department of Harvard College in 1833. His professional career began in North- ampton, Mass., but after a few years' practice there he removed to Boston, thence to Buffalo, where he remained till 1844. He then accepted a call to a chair in the Rush Medical College in Chicago, but soon returned to Buffalo, where he established the Buffalo "Medical Journal" in 1846, and where later he was one of the founders, and for six years a pro- fessor, of the Buffalo Medical College. He was a professor in Louisville Univer- sity in 1852-1856; Professor of Pathology in the Long Island College Hospital in 1861-1868; president of the New York Academy of Medicine in 1872-1875, and of the American Medical Association in 1884; delegate to the International Medical Congress in Philadelphia in 1876; etc. He was the author of numer- ous text-books, clinical reports and medi- cal papers. He died in New York City, March 13, 1886. FLINT GLASS, a species of glass made of white sand, 52; carbonate of potash, 14; oxide of lead, 33; alumina, 1; with metallic additions to neutralize color. Pure white sand free from oxide of iron is required for flint glass, as iron im- parts a green color. The articles are made by the agency of the blow-pipe, or ponty, the mold and press, and frequently by a combination of blowing and press- ing. The silica for its manufacture was formerly derived from pulverized flints, and hence its name. The presence of lead gives it a peculiar property of re- fracting light, which causes it to be used for lenses. Flint glass fuses at a lower temperature than ordinary glass, such as crown, plate, or window glass. Flint glass is softer than some other varieties, and is the kind which is cut. It is much used for tumblers, fine tableware, and various articles of decorative furniture and fittings. FLINT IMPLEMENTS, a generic term used for any implements of flint obtained from Pleistocene or more recent deposits, each being afterward named more specifically as its exact nature be- comes understood. Evans divides the implements into three classes — spear heads, oval or almond-shaped flint imple-