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FOOTE 169 FOBBES Haven, Conn., Sept. 12, 1806; entered the navy as a midshipman in 1822. In 1849-1852 he was engaged in the sup- pression of the slave trade on the coast of Africa. In command of the China station in 1856, when the Chinese tnd English were at war, he exerted himself to protect American property, and was fired upon by the Celestials. His de- mand for an apology was refused and he stormed and captured four Chinese forts, killing and wounding 400 of the garrisons of 5,000 men. In 1861 he commanded the expedition against Forts Henry and Donelson on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and directed the attack on Island Number 10. In 1862, he was promoted rear-admiral, and in 1863 was ordered to take command of the South Atlantic Squadron, but died in New York while preparing to join his flag-ship, June 26, 1863. FOOTE, MARY (HALLOCK), an American author; born in Milton, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1847; married a mining engi- neer. She was the author of several novels and collections of short stories illustrated by herself, on life in the Rocky Mountain regions: "The Led Horse Claim" (1883); "John Bodewin's Testimony" (1886); "Cceur d'Alene" (1894) ; "The Cup of Trembling and Other Stories" (1895) ; "The Little Fig Tree Stories" (1899) ; "The Prodigal" (1900); "ATouchof Sun" (1903); "The Royal Americans" (1910) ; "Picked Company" (1912); "Valley Road" (1915). FOOTE, SAMUEL, an English actor; bom in Truro, England, Jan. 27, 1720. From Oxford he went to London to study law, but had to go on the stage for a living; tried tragic parts and failed; then began to give entertain- ments, impersonating real and imagi- nary people and acting little farces by himself. He wrote farces, 22 in num- ber; the most notable being "The Minor" (1760), a skit at the Methodists; "The Liar"; "The Mayor of Garratt." He died in Dover, England, Oct. 21, 1777. FOOTSCRAY, a city of Victoria, Australia. It is a suburb of Melbourne and has manufactures of sugar, soap, woolen goods, chemicals, machinery, etc. In the neighborhood are important blue- stone quarries. Pop. about 25,000. FORAKER, JOSEPH BENSON, an American statesman; born near Rains- boro, 0., Jan. 5, 1846; enlisted as a pri- 'Vate in the 89th Ohio Infantry and served till the end of the Civil War. He was graduated at Cornell University in 1869, and began law practice in Cincin- nati, in the same year. He was judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati in 1879-1882, governor of Ohio in 1885- 1887 and 1887-1889, and was United States Senator in 1897-1903. He ran for senator in 1914 against Warren G. Harding and was defeated. He died in 1917. FORAMINIFERA, an order of ani- mals belonging to the sub-kingdom Pro- tozoa, and the class Rhizopoda (q. v.). The body is contained within a calcare- ous test or shell, which is polythalamous (many-chambered) . It may be cylindrical or spiral, or it may tend to the pyramidal form. The outer surface presents a punc- tate or dotted appearance, produced by the presence of very numerous foramina, or small apertures. Foraminifers are always of small size, and often indeed microscopic. With the exception of Gromia, which occurs both in fresh and salt water, they are exclusively marine. Sometimes their shells constitute sea sand. In the Atlantic, at a depth of 3,000 fathoms, there is an ooze composed al- most entirely of Globigerime, which be- long to this order; the stratum thus formed is a direct continuation of the white chalk deposit, having gone on ap- parently through the whole Tertiary period. Drs. Carpenter and Parker, and Prof. T. Rupert Jones have divided the Foraminifera thus: Sub-order I. — Imperforata. Families: (1) Gromida, (2) Miliolida, (3) Lituo- lida. Sub-order II. — Perforata. Families: (1) Lagenida, (2) Globigerinida, and (3) Numrmdinida. The exceedingly antique Eozoon of the Laurentian rocks, if organic, as it is generally believed to be, was apparently a foraminifer. Forms more unequiv- ocal, some of them very like recent species, occur in the Silurian, the Car- boniferous, and other strata. They are found through all the Secondary period, chalk being almost entirely composed of their cases. They increase in number and importance in the Tertiary. The num- mulites of the Midde Eocene are forami- niferous animals. FORBES, ARCHIBALD, a British journalist; born in Morayshire, Scot- land, in 1838; was educated at the Uni- versity of Aberdeen. When the Franco- Prussian War broke out the London "Daily News" sent him to the front as war correspondent, in which capacity he impressed on his work a new and dis- tinctive character and style. In 1875 he was sent to report the incidents of the Indian tour of the Prince of Wales. Subsequently he watched the course of events in Servia ; described the war with Turkey; and went to India to report the