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ELSINOBE EMANCIPATION and Western railroads, and on the Cana- dian river. Its industries include cotton gins, machine shops, brick plants, and manufactories of brooms, cement stone, "washing machines, etc. It has repair shops and division offices of the Rock Island system. Pop. (1910) 7,872 (1920) 7,737. ELSINOBE, a aeaport of Denmark on the island of Seeland, at the narrowest part of the Sound (here only 3% miles broad), 24 miles N. by E. of Copenhagen, and opposite Helsingborg in Sweden. Saxo Grammaticus, a famous writer of the 12th century, was born in Elsinore, and here too Shakespeare lays the scene of "Hamlet." Elsinore was raised to the rank of a town in 1416; it was sev- eral times destroyed by the Hanseatic League, and in 1658 was taken by the Swedes, but restored to Denmark two years later. Pop. about 14,000. ELSSLEB, FANNY, a celebrated dancer; born in Vienna, June 23, 1810. She was the daughter of Johann Elssler, Haydn's factotum, and was educated at Naples for the ballet, with her elder sis- ter Theresa, who in 1851 became the wife of Prince Adalbert of Prussia, and was ennobled. Fanny helped to raise money for the Bunker Hill Monument. She died in Vienna, Nov. 27, 1884. ELSWICK, a township on the W. out- skirts of Newcastle, England. Here are located the gun-founding works of the firm of Sir W. G. Armstrong, Mitchell & Co., "which are among the largest of the kind in Europe. The frontage toward the river is about one mile, the entire area occupied is about 125 acres, and in busy times about 14,000 work-people are employed. Elswick Park, including Els- "wick Hall, was opened as a recreation ground in 1878. Pop. about 60,000. ELVAS (al'vas), the strongest forti- fied city of Portugal, in the province of Alemtejo, near the Spanish frontier; 10 miles W. of Badajoz. Standing on a hill, it is defended by seven large bastions and two isolated forts. ELWOOD. a city of Indiana in Madi- son CO. It is on the Lake Erie and West- ern, and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chi- cago, and St. Louis railroads. There is an important trade in live stock, grain and produce, and the industries include tin-plate mills, iron works, canning fac- tories, plate glass factories, etc. The city has a public library. Pop. (1910) 11,028; (1920) 10,790. ELY, an episcopal city of England, in the county of Cambridge. The ecclesi- astical structures comprise the cathedral and the churches of St. Mary, and the Holy Trinity, the last belonging to the time of Edward II., and one of the most perfect buildings of that age. The su- perb cathedral occupies the site of a monastery founded about the year 673 by Etheldreda, daughter of the King of East Anglia. Its entire length, E. to W. is 537 feet, and its W. tower is 170 feet high. The whole structure comprises an almost unbroken series of the vari- ous styles of architecture which pre- vailed in England from the Conquest to the Reformation, yet with no loss of impressiveness as a whole. It has under- gone of late years extensive additions and restoration. Most of the inhabitants are engaged in agricultural labor. Pon. 8,000. ELY, BICHABD THEODOBE, an American educator; born in Ripley, N. Y., April 13, 1854; was graduated at Columbia University in 1876; api>ointed head of the department of Political Economy at Johns Hopkins (1881-1892) ; and professor of Political Economy at University of Wisconsin since 1892. His publications incluae "French and German Socialism in Modern Times" (1883) ; "The Past and Present of Political Econ- omy" (1884); "The Labor Movement in America" (1886); "Problems of Today" (1888) ; "Political Economy" (1889) ; "Social Aspects of Christianity" (1889); "Studies in the Evolution of Industrial Society" (1903); "Property and Con- tract" (1914). He edited Macmillan's "Citizens' Library of Economics" and several sociological text-books. ELYBIA, a city of Ohio, the county- seat of Lorain co. It is on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, and the Baltimore and Ohio railroads, and on the Black river. There are important manufactures of automobiles, telephones, flour, canned goods, concrete blocks, iron pipe, steel, etc. The public buildings include a library and a hospital. There is also a fine natural park. Pop. (1910) 14,825; (1920) 20,474. EMANCIPATION, the act by which in the Roman law, the paternal authority was dissolved in the lifetime of the father. It took place in the fonn of a sale by the father of the son to a third party, who manumitted him. The Twelve Tables required that this ceremony should be gone through three times, and it was only after the third sale that the son came under his own law. In general, the son was at last resold to the father, who manumitted him, and thus acquired the rights of a patron which would otherwise have belonged to the alien pur- chaser who finally manumitted him. In the case of daughters and grandchildren one sale was sufficient. In the law of