Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/275

FUNCHAL 231 FUNGUS the tercentenary of the discovery of the Hudson by Hendrik Hudson. FUNCHAL (fon-shal'), the capital snd seaport of the island of Madeira, in the center of a large bay on the S. coast. It is irregularly built; the streets are narrow, winding, ill-paved, and dirty. An old castle, which commands the roads, stands on the top of a steep, black rock, called Loo Rock, surrounded by the sea at high water. The entire produce of the island, consisting mostly of wine and sweetmeats, is exported from Funchal. Pop. about 20,000, among whom are many of the dependence above referred to. Thus the function above written is said to be an algebraical function of x, since y is obtainable from x by the performance of a limited and definite number of alge- braical operations. Log x, sin x, a% on the other hand, are said to be transcen- dental functions of x, and for obvious reasons receive the distinctive names of logarithmic, trigonometrical and exponen- tial functions. FUNDY, BAY OF, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. It is about 170 miles POISONOUS FUNGI 1. Fly Mushroom 2. Sulphur Tuft 3. Satan's Mushroom 4. Death-cup English, French, Portuguese, and mulat- to and negro freedmen. See Madeira. FXJNCK-BBENTANO, THEOPHILE (fonk-bren-ta'no) , a French philosophi- cal and critical writer; born in Luxem- burg, Aug. 20, 1830. His thorough studies in law and medicine imparted to his philosophical writings an exactitude of thought and inspired a special stress on method, as in "New Thoughts and Maxims" (1858) ; "Exact Thought in Philosophy" (1869) ; "Greek Sophists and Contemporary English Sophists" (1879); "The French Sophists" (1905), FUNCTION, in physiology, the proper office of any organ in the animal or vege- table economy. Thus the function of the lachrymal gland is to secrete tears; of the liver, to secrete bile; of the stomach, gastric juice, the fluid to digest the food. The three most important of all the func- tions, as those of the heart, lungs, and brain, are called the vital functions, from being necessary for the support of the living body. In mathematics, one quan- tity is said to be a function of another, or of several others, when its value de- pends on those of the latter. Thus the area of a triangle is a function of its three sides, and y=a+bx + cx' is a func- tion of a, b, c, and x. Functions receive distinctive names according to the nature long, and from 30 to 50 miles wide. Open- ing into it are Chignecto Bay and Mines Channel at the N. extremity, and Passa- maquoddy Bay near its mouth. It re- ceives the St. John and St. Croix rivers, and though very deep, navigation is dan- gerous. The tide rises here to the height of 71 feet, rushing with great and dan- gerous rapidity. FUNEN, an island of the Danish archipelago, separated from Jiitland by the strait called Little Belt; area 1,123 square miles. Its shores are deeply in- dented; its intei-ior is undulating, and there are numerous lakes, streams, and marshes. The soil is productive. Pro- ducts, corn, flax, hemp, and fruit. Ex- ports, corn, cattle, horses, honey, fruit, lard, butter, leather. It trades princi- pally with Sweden and Norway. It forms with other islands a province of Den- mark {q. v.). Chief towns Odense, the capital; Svendborg, and Nyeborg. FUNGUS, in botany, the singular of fungi; a term of comprehensive mean- ing, used for any plant belonging to the fungal alliance. Some botanists rtot infrequently apply the term fungal in- stead of fungus. In medicine, a morbid growth suggestive of a fungus, and gen- erally dependent on the presence of vege- table parasites.