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GALLATIN 246 GALLEGOS frizzled but not woolly. Though cruel in war they are of frank disposition and faithfully keep their promises and obliga- tions. They are distinguished for their energy, both physical and mental, espe- cially those tribes to the S. and S. W. which pursue pastoral avocations, not- ably the breeding of horses, asses, sheep, cattle, and camels, and those which live by hunting, especially the elephant. These same tribes are mostly still hea- thens, though Mohammedanism is rapidly making way among them. The more N. tribes who dwell about Harar profess a crass form of Christianity derived from Abyssinia, and for the most part pj-ac- tice agriculture, raising cotton, durra, sugar, and coffee. The total Galla popu- lation, who call themseves Argatta or Oromo, is estimated at about 6,000,000. Politically they are divided into a great number of separate tribes (Itu, Arussi, Nole, Jarsso, Ala, Ennia, Walamo, Bor- ana, etc). Their inveterate century-long foes are the Somali on the N. E. and E., who have gradually driven back the Gal- las from the shores of the Red Sea and the extremities of the Somali peninsula, regions which were occupied by them in the 16th century, just as on the other side the Abyssinians and Shoans have beaten them back S. The country they now inhabit is, generally speaking, a pla- teau that slopes S. E. to the Indian Ocean, and has a hilly, well-timbered sur- face. This region, with plenty of rains and running streams, and abundant vege- tation, is well cultivated, and yields wheat, barley, beans, sorghum, sweet potatoes, flax, lentils, cotton and coffee. GALLATIN, ALBERT (gal'a-tin) , an American financier; born in Geneva, Switzerland, Jan. 29, 1761. He was grad- uated at the university there in 1779. In 1780 he went to the United States, and was for a time teacher of French in Harvard College. In 1786 he removed to Pennsylvania, became a member of the State Legislature, and in 1793 he was elected to the United States Senate, but was declared ineligible. From 1795 to 1801 he served in the House of Repre- sentatives, and from 1801 to 1813 he was Secretary of the Treasury. He took an important part in the negotiations for peace with England in 1814, and signed the treaty of Ghent. From 1815 to 1823 he was minister at Paris, and in 1826 he was sent to London as ambassador extraordinary. On his return in 1827 he settled in New York, and devoted much of his time to literature, being chiefly occupied in historical and ethno- logical researches. He was one of the founders and the first president of the Ethnological Society of America; and from 1843 to his death he was president of the New York Historical Society. His works include publications on finance, politics, and ethnology; among these last are "The Indian Tribes East of the Rocky Mountains, etc." (1836), and "Notes on the Semi-Civilized Nations of Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America" (1845). He died Aug. 12, 1849. GALLAUDEl, EDWARD MINER (gal-a-def) , an American educator; born in Hartford, Conn., Feb. 5, 1837, son of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet; was grad- uated at Trinity College in 1856. He or- ganized the Columbia Institute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind in Washington, D. C, in 1857, and from it developed the Gallaudet College for the Deaf, in 1864, becoming its president. His publications include "Manual of International Law" (1879), and "Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet" (1888). He died in 1917. GALL BLADDER, a pear-shaped membranous sac, 3 or 4 inches long by 1% inches broad, lodged obliquely in a fossa on the under surface of the right lobe of the liver. The neck, which is shaped like the letter S, bends down- ward and terminates in the cystic duct^ GALLE (gal), or POINT DE GALLE (point de gal), a fortified town and sea- port of the S. W. extremity of the island of Ceylon, on a low rocky promontory of the same name. It has a good harbor, formed by a small bay. It has lost its former importance as a coaling and transhipping station for the great lines of steamers from Europe to Australia and China since the completion of the breakwater at Colombo. It is the capital of the S. province of Ceylon. Pop. about 40,000. GALLEGO, JUAN NICASIO (gal-ya' go), a Spanish lyric poet; born in Za- mora, Spain, Dec. 14, 1777. He studied law, philosophy, and theology, at Sala- manca; but began a poetical career on becoming intimate with Valdes, Quintana, and Cienfuegos. His political activity resulted in his imprisonment in 1814, and banishment for a short time subse- quently. His "The Second of May" and an elegy on the death of Queen Isabella (1818), have attained particular celeb- rity. He served in the Spanish Cortes for some years. He died in Madrid, Jan. 9, 1853. GALLEGOS (gal-ya'gos), a river of Patagonia entermg the Atlantic Ocean opposite the Falkland Islands; lat. 51° 33' S., Ion. 69° W. It is small but very rapid, and at its mouth or estuary the tide rises 46 feet.