Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/332

GENEVA 280 GENGHIS KHAN cratic in the federation. All religious denominations are declared to have perfect freedom, but two of them are paid by the state — ^the Roman Catholics, amounting to rather more than a third of the population, and the Protestant National Church. Geneva was made the official meeting place of the League of Nations, and the first regular session convened there in November, 1920. Lan- guage, French. GENEVA, a city in Ontario co., N. Y.; on Seneca Lake, the Seneca and Cayuga Canal, and the New York Central and the Lehigh Valley railroads; 50 miles S. E. of Rochester. It is the seat of Hobart College, the Geneva Medi- cal College, and the State Agricultural Experiment Station, and has important manufactures, extensive waterworks, public library, high school, electric lights and street railroads, and National banks. Pop. (1910) 12,446; (1920) 14,648. GENEVA BIBLE, a translation of the Bible into English, made and published at Geneva, chiefly by English Protestant refugees. It was the first English Bible which adopted the Roman instead of the obsolescent black type, and the first which recognized the division into verses; it was the first also which omitted the Apocrypha. From its stating, in Gen. iii: 7, that our first parents made themselves "breeches," it is some- times called the Breeches Bible. GENEVA COLLEGE, a coeducational institution in Beaver Falls, Pa., founded in 1848 under the auspices of the Re- formed Presbyterian Church; reported at the end of 1919: Professors and in- structors, 18; students, 480. President R. H. Martin, D. D. GENEVA, LAKE OF, or LAKE LE- MAN (Latin, Lacus Lemanus), the largest of the Swiss lakes, extending in the form of a crescent, with its horns pointing S., between France on the S. and the cantons of Geneva, Vaud, and Valais; length, measured on the N. shore, 55 miles; and on the S. shore 40 miles; central breadth, about 6 miles; area, 331 square miles; greatest depth, 1,015 feet. It is 1,150 feet above the sea. The Rhone, which enters the E. extrem- ity a muddy, turbid stream, issues from the W. extremity perfectly pellucid, and likewise of the finest blue. GENEVA. UNIVERSITY OF, a uni- versity of Switzerland, founded in 1559 as the Academy of Geneva, and known under its present name since 1873. Its faculty of theology after its foundation was under the direct supervision of Cal- vin and Beza, and the institution soon became the center of Protestant schola»^ ship. It maintained its high reputation throughout all the centuries of its exist- ence, and both among its teachers and its students there are to be found many renowned names. It has always attracted a large number of students from foreign countries. It has faculties of theology, law, medicine, philosophy and science. In 1918-19 the teaching staff numbered 155, and the student body, 881. Women are admitted to all courses on the sam© basis as men. GENEVIEVE (zhen-vyav), ST., the patron saint of Paris; born in Nanterre, near Paris, about 422. She devoted her- self while yet a child to the conventual life. Her prayers and fastings are credited with having saved Paris from threatened destruction by Attila in 451. Her festival is held Jan. 3. She died in Paris, Jan. 3, 512. GENGHIS KHAN, or JENGHIS KHAN (jen'gis khan), a Mongol con- queror; born near the Onon river, Mon- golia, in 1162. His father was chief over 30 or 40 clans, but paid tribute to the Tartar Khan. He succeeded his father when only 14 years of age, and made himself master of the neighboring tribes. A great number of tribes now combined their forces against him. But he found a powerful protector in the great Khan cf the Karaite Mongols, Oung, or Ung, who gave him his daughter in marriage. After much intestine warfare with vari- ous Tartar tribes Genghis was pro- claimed Khan of the United Mongol and Tartar tribes. He now professed to have a divine call to conquer the world, and the idea so animated the spirit of his soldiers that they were easily led on to new wars. The country of the Uigers, in the center of Tartary, was easily subdued, and Genghis Khan was now master of the greatest part of Tartary. In 1209 he passed the great wall of China, the con- quest of which country occupied him more than six years; the capital Yen- king (now Peking), was taken by storm in 1215 and plundered. The murder of the ambassadors whom Genghis Khan had sent to the King of Kharism (now Khiva) occasioned the invasion of Tur- kestan in 1218 with an army of 700,- 000 men; and the two cities of Bokhara and Samarcand were stormed, pillaged, and burned. Seven years in succession was the conqueror busy in the work of destruction, pillage, and subjugation, and extended his ravages to the banks of the Dnieper. In 1225, though more than 60 years old, he marched in person at the head of his whole army against the King of Tangut (northwestern