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GREEK CHURCH 397 GREELEY territory in Asia Minor. The so-called Turkish Nationalists, under the com- mand of Mustapha Pasha, began a cam- paign in Asia Minor, and the Greek Government undertook to suppress this. Operations were carried on throughout the latter part of 1920 and in 1921, with little definite results. The Allied Su- preme Council met in London in March, 1921, and endeavored to compromise the difficulties between Turkey and Greece. GREEK CHURCH, the Eastern Chui'ch, that of the old Eastern Empire, which, prior to the Turkish conquest, had its metropolis at Constantinople, as dis- tinguished from the Western Church, which had its capital at Rome ; the church of the people speaking the Greek language rather than that of the Roman nation. History. — That the Eastern and West- ern Churches would first disagree, and then separate, was insured from the first by the difference in their mental con- stitution. The Greeks were notable for intense intellectual acuteness, which they used to frame hair-splitting subtleties of doctrine. The Romans, on the contrary, who had the imperial instinct employed the new faith as a means of building up again a world-embracing dominion, with the "eternal city" as its capital. The first variance between the East and the West arose in the 2d century regarding the time of keeping Easter. The dis- putes which succeeded were chiefly as to personal dignity. As long as Rome was the metropolis of the empire, the Bishop of Rome had indisputably the most im- portant see in the Church; but when, on May 11, 330, Constantine removed the seat of government to Byzantium (Con- stantinople), the bishop of the new me- tropolis became a formidable rival to his ecclesiastical brother at Rome. In the second General Council, that of Constan- tinople, 381, the Bishop of Constantinople was allowed to sit next to the Bishop of Rome; by the 28th canon of the Synod of Chalcedon, 403, he was permitted to enjoy an equal rank. In 588, John, Patriarch of Constantinople, assumed the title of oecumenical or universal bishop, for which he was denounced by Pope Gregory the Great, Disputes in the 8th century about image-worship widened the breach, as did the continued rejection by the Greek Church of the word Filioque, asserting the procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son as well as from the Father, introduced by the second Council of Constantinople, 381. The last General Council in which the Churches of the East and the West were united was the Seventh, or Second Council of Nice, 787. The feud continued through the 9th and Vol. IV— Cyc— z on to the 11th century. In the 13th an effort was made by Michael Palaeologus to promote a reunion of the two great Churches at the Council of Florence, but all was in vain. They have remained separate till now. Efforts are said to be on foot looking to the union of the Greek and Roman Churches. GREELEY, a city of Colorado, the county-seat of Weld co. It is on the Union Pacific, the Denver, Laramie and Northwestern, and the Colorado and Southern railroads, and on the Cache la Poudre river. It is the center of an important agricultural and cattle region. It has a large trade in potatoes, flour, wheat, etc. Its industries include lumber yards, flour mills, and a beet-sugar fac- tory. The city is the seat of the State Teachers' College, and has a public li- brary and two parks. It was the site of the "Greeley Colony," named after Hor- ace Greeley, which was the first agricul- tural community in Colorado. Pop. (1910) 8,179; (1920) 10,883. GREELEY, HORACE, an American journalist; born in Amherst, N. H., Feb. 3, 1811. About 1825, his parents having removed to Vermont, Horace obtained employment as an apprentice in a print- ing office, and in August, 1831, arrived at New York, where he secured occa- sional work as a journeyman printer in HORACE GREELEY various offices. In 1834, in partnership with Messrs. V/inchester and Gibbett, he started "The New Yorker," a weekly literary journal, which proving unprofit- able, was abandoned, and in 1841 he com- menced the publication of the New York "Tribune." In 1848 he became a mem- ber of the 30th Congress; in 1851 he