Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/507

H H, h, the eighth letter of the English alphabet, commonly classed among the consonants, though not strictly such. It is frequently called the aspirate, though other letters are also aspirated in Eng- lish. Its distinctive or proper sound is that which it has at the beginning of Sl word, as help, hard, hope, etc. This sound it also has when following w, as in whither, where, in which cases it originally preceded the w, as in Old Eng- lish, hwidir, hwser. H has disappeared from many words, especially before 1, n, r: as. Old English, /iZa/=loaf; Old Eng- lish /twecca=neck; Old English hring=z ring; Old English feoh=ziee. It has been intruded into some words as wharf, whelk, whelm. H is commonly joined to other consonants to form digraphs repre- senting sounds for which there are no symbols in the alphabet; as, ch in child, chill; sh in shin, ship; th in this, that, thine; joined with p it forms the sound of f ; with g it sometimes forms the sound of f, as in enough, tough; sometimes the digraph is silent, as in bough, plough. The combination rh is found only in words derived from the Greek, where the h represents the rough breathing of the original rh. Ch is common in words derived from the Greek, and in such cases is generally hard, as chemistry, chyle, etc. It sometimes represents the Latin c, Greek k, as in English horn=Lat. cornu, Gr. keras. HAAKON VII, king of Norway, first exclusively Norwegian king since 1380, He was born in 1872, a grandson of Christian IX. of Denmark and was called Prince Charles. He married Princess Maud, daughter of Edward VII., in 1896. A son, Olaf, was born in 1903. On the separation of Norway and Sweden he was tendered the Norwegian throne and took the coronation oath Nov. 27, 1905. Crowned at Trondhjem in June, 1906. HAAN, WILLIAM GEORGE, an American soldier, born at Crown Point, Ind., in 1863. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1889, and in the same year was appointed 2d lieutenant of the 1st Artillery. During the Spanish-American War he acted as captain and acting quartermaster of vol- unteers, and was honorably discharged from the volunteer service in 1901. In the same year he was appointed captain of the Artillery Corps. He was pro- moted through the various grades, becom- ing colonel in 1916. In 1917 he was appointed brigadier-general of the Na- tional Army, and commander of the 57th Field Artillery Brigade. He was com- mander of the 32d Division in January, 1918, having been appointed temporary brigadier-general in the previous year. He was made permanent brigadier-gen- eral^ in 1918. He commanded the 32d Division in three major offensives, the Marne to Vesle, the Oise-Aisne, and the Meuse-Argonne. He commanded the 7th Army Corps, as part of the Army of Occupation in Germany, from November, 1918, to April, 1919. In the latter year he was assigned as assistant chief of Staff^ and as director of the war plans division. He was awarded the Distin- guished Service Medal and the Croix de Guerre. He was promoted to major- general in 1921. HAABLEM (har'lem), a town of Hol- land; 10 miles W. of Amsterdam; is in- tersected, like most Dutch towns, with canals and avenues of trees. Its prin- cipal church is the Great or St. Bavon's, a Late Gothic basilica, built in the 15th century, one of the largest churches in Holland, and specially noted for its lofty tower and its organ (1738). Before the church stands a statue of Laurens Cos- ter, to whom his countrymen ascribe the invention of printing. The town hall, formerly the residence of the Counts of Holland, has portraits by Franz Hals, and a valuable collection of early printed works. The Teyler Institution promotes the study of theology, natural science, 435