Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 04.djvu/83

EUCLID 67 EUGENICS idealer may take up the trump and dis- card. In that case the dealer must make three tricks or be "euchered," which counts two points for the adversary, but if he makes the three tricks (or four), he counts one point. Should he make all five tricks, it is termed "a march," and counts him two on the score. The non- dealer has the first lead, after which he who takes the trick leads. Should the non-dealer "order up" the trump he must make three tricks or be "euchered," which counts two for his opponent; if he win three tricks (or four), having or- dered up the trump, he scores one point. Should he make "a march," he scores two. If both players pass (the dealer turning down the trump), and then both decline to make a trump, there must be a new deal. Either party naming a new suit for trump must make the three tricks or be "euchered." EUCLID, a celebrated mathematician, who collected all the fundamental prin- ciples of pure mathematics, which had been delivered down by Thales, Pythag- oras, Eudoxus, and other mathemati- cians before him, which he digested into regularity and order, with many others of his own, on which account he is said to have been the first who reduced arith- metic and geometry into the form of a Bcience. He lived about 277 B. C, and taught mathematics in Alexandria. EUDOXIANS, followers of Eudoxius, who from A. D. 347 was Bishop of An- tioch, in Syria, and from 360 to his death in 370 Bishop and Patriarch of Con- stantinople. He was successively ^ an Arian, a Semi-Arian and an Aetian. Respecting the Trinity, he believed the Will of the Son to be differently affected from that of the Father. EUGENE, a city of Oregon, the county-seat of Lane co. It is on the Southern Pacific, the Oregon Electric, and the Portland, Eugene and Eastern railroads. It is the center of an extensive agricultural region, and the lumbering industry is also important. Its industrial establishments include canneries, flour mills, woolen mills, machine shops, etc. It is the seat of the University of Oregon and the Eugene Bible University. It has a public library and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 9,009; (1920) 10,593. EUGENE (ii-jen'), or FBANCOIS EUGENE, Prince of Savoy, fifth son of Eugene Maurice, Duke of Savoy-Cari- gnan, and Olympia Mancini, a niece of Cardinal Mazarin; born in Paris, Oct. 18, 1663. Offended with Louis XIV. he entered the Austrian service in 1683, serving his first campaign as a volunteer against the Turks. Here he distinguished himself so much that he received a regi- ment of dragoons. Later, at the sieges of Belgrade and Mayence, he increased his reputation, and on the outbreak of the war between France and Austria he received the command of the imperial forces sent to Piedmont to act in con- junction with the troops of the Duke of Savoy. At the end of the war he was sent as commander-in-chief to Hungary, where he defeated the Turks at the battle of Zenta (Sept. 11, 1697). The Spanish war of succession brought Eugene again into the field. In northern Italy he outmaneuvered Catinat and Villeroi, defeating the latter at Cremona (1702). In 1703 he commanded the im- perial army in Germany, and in co-opera- tion with Marlborough frustrated the plans of France and her allies. In the battle of Hochstadt or Blenheim, Eugene and Marlborough defeated the French and Bavarians under Marshal Tallard, Aug. 13, 1704. Next year Eugene, re- turning to Italy, forced the French to raise the siege of Turin, and in one month drove them out of Italy. During the following years he fought on the Rhine, took Lille, and, in conjunction with Marlborough, defeated the French at Oudenarde (1708), and Malplaquet (1709), where he himself was danger- ously wounded. After the recall of Marl- borough, which Eugene opposed in per- son at London, without success, and the defection of England from the alliance against France, his farther progress was in a gi'eat measure checked. In the war with Turkey, in 1716, Eugene defeated two superior armies at Peterwardein and Temesvar, and, in 1717, took Belgrade, after having gained a decisive victory over a third army that came to its relief During 15 years of peace which fol- lowed, Eugene served Austria as faith- fully in the cabinet as he had done in the field. He was one of the great gen- erals of modern times. He died in Vienna, April 21, 1736. EUGENIA (so named in honor of Prince Eugene), a genus of dicotyledon- ous polypetalous plants of the natural order Myrtacese, nearly related to the myrtle. It contains numerous species, some of which produce delicious fruits. The allspice or pimento is the berry of the E. Pimenta. E. acris is the wild clove. EUGENIC ACID, or EUGENOL, an acid derived from cloves, and conferring on them their essential properties. EUGENICS, a term introduced by Francis Galton in 1883 and defined by him as follows: "Eugenics is the study of agencies under social control which