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lOLA 184 IONIAN SCHOOL lOLA^ a city of Kansas the county seat of Allen co., on the Neosho river, and on the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas, the Missouri Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe railroads. The city has had rapid growth on account of the important natural gas wells in the vicinity. It has also large zinc smelter, cement works, foundry machine shops, and has a large wholesale trade with the surrounding region. There is a Car- negie library, hospital, and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 9,032; (1920) 8,513. lOLAUS (i-6-la'us), in Greek myth- ology, a companion of Hercules. He was worshiped chiefly in Sardinia. ION A (i-o'na), or ICOLMKILL (I-kom-kil'), the isle of Columba's cell or retreat, one of the W. islands of Scot- land, in the Atlantic Ocean, separated from the W. point of Mull by a narrow channel called the Sound of lona, 7 miles from Staff a; 3 miles long; II/2 miles broad; area 2,000 acres. It is chiefly interesting to the antiquarian, for the ruins of its ancient religious edifices. These were established about the year 565, by St. Columba, who left Ireland, his native country, with the intention of preaching Christianity to the Picts. In the church, said to have been built by Queen Margaret toward the latter end of the 11th century, are the tombs of 48 Scottish kings, 4 kings of Ireland, 8 Norwegian monarchs, and 1 king of France. The rearing of black cattle forms the principal occupation of the inhabitants. IONIA, in ancient geography, the most flourishing district of Asia Minor, where a colony from Attica settled about 1050 B. c. This beautiful country ex- tended from the Hermus along the shore of the JEgean Sea to Miletus and the promontory of Posideum. It was bounded on the N. by ^olia, S. by Caria, E. by Lydia and part of Caria, and on the W. by the Icarian and JEgean seas, and lay between lat. 37° and 40° N.; its longitude has never been accurately de- fined. This country is said to have been peopled by Greek colonists about 1045 B. c. After founding Colophon, Ephe- sus, Miletus, and other important cities, the lonians obtained possession of Smyrna about 688 B. c, and the country soon attained a high degree of prosper- ity. At the commencement of the reign of Croesus, 560 b. c, it was subject to the Lydians, and it was conquered by Cyrus 557 B. C. On the overthrow of the Persian empire by Alexander III., Ionia became subject to Macedonia, and it afterward formed part of the Roman empire 64 B. C. IONIA, a city and county-seat of Ionia CO., Mich.; on the Grand river, and the Pere Marquette and the Grand Trunk railroads; 35 miles E. of Grand Rapids. It contains the State House of Correc- tion, the State Asylum for the Dangerous and Criminal Insane, large railroad re- pair shops, and manufactories of pottery, furniture, machinery, edged tools, and clothing. The industrial interests are greatly promoted by excellent power fur- nished by the river. The city has a pub- lic high school, library, several daily and weekly periodicals. Pop. (1910) 5,030; (1920) 6,935. IONIAN ISLANDS, the name com- monly given to the seven islands, Cepha- lonia, Cerigo, Corfu, Ithaca, Paxo, Santa Maura, and Zante, with a number of islets, extending along the S. W. coast of Greece; area 1,097 square miles; pop., about 230,000. Pop. of Corfu (1917) 140,757. Products, corn, grapes, olives, currants, cotton, honey, wax, etc. Manu- factures salt, olive oil, wine, brandy. The Ionian Islands, with their depen- dencies, were erected into the republic of the Seven United Islands, March 21, 1800. It was to pay a moderate tribute to the Porte, and its independence was guaranteed by Turkey and Russia. The French captured the islands in 1807, and Russia ceded them to France by a secret article of the treaty of Tilsit, July 7, 1807. The French garrisons sur- rendered to an English force, Oct. 3, 1809, and by a treaty between Great Britain and Russia, signed at Paris Nov. 5, 1815, they were formed into an inde- pendent State, called the United States of the Ionian Islands, or the Septinsular Republic, under the protection of Eng- land. With the consent of Great Brit- ain, they were reunited to the kingdom of Greece in 1864. IONIAN SEA, that part of the Medi- terranean communicating with the Gulf of Venice by the Strait of Otranto, and having Greece and part of European Turkey on the E.; Sicily and the most S. part of Italy on the W. Its greatest breadth is between Cape Matapan in the Morea, and Cape Passaro in Sicily, which is about 400 miles. IONIAN SCHOOL, the first school of Greek philosophy, the distinctive char- acteristic of which was its inquiry into the constitution of the universe. Thales of Miletus opened the inquiry. lie is usually spoken of as the founder of the Ionian school; he was more — he was the father of Greek speculation. He pre-