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PARKER 122 PARLIAMENT anity," preached in 1841. Wearied with the bitterness and opposition of his ad- versaries, he visited Europe in 1843, The prejudice against him led to his quit- ting West Roxbury, and settling at Boston in 1846, as minister of the Twenty-eighth Congregational Society. In the following year he became joint- editor with Emerson and Cabot of the "Massachusetts Quarterly Review." He distinguished himself as the fearless op- ponent of the Fugitive Slave Law and sheltei-ed slaves in his own house. He was very active as a public lecturer on various political and social topics, and v/as the correspondent of many eminent men. Early in 1859 he was compelled to relinquish his duties and seek health in France and Italy. His earliest pub- lished work was the "Discourse of Mat- ters Pertaining to Religion" (1847). It has been widely read in Europe as well as in America, and is one of the most important contributions to religious philosophy. Among his other works are : "Critical and Miscellaneous Writings"; "Theism, Atheism, and the Popular The- ology"; "Discourses of Politics"; "Ex- periences as a Minister," etc. He died in Florence in 1860. PARKER, WILLARD, an American physician and surgeon; born in New Hampshire in 1800 ; Professor of surgery in the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1839-1869; and subse- quently Professor of Clinical Surgery in the same institution; he made many im- portant discoveries in practical surgery. He died in 1884. PARKERSBURG, a city and county- seat of Wood CO., W. Va., on the Ohio river at the mouth of the Little Kan- awha, and on the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern, the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Little Kanawha railroads; 96 miles _ S. W. of Wheeling. The Ohio river is crossed here by a railroad bridge constructed in 1869-1871. It is 1% miles long and has six spans. Here are water- works, a high school, Academy of the Visitation, a seminary. United States Government building, electric light and street railroad plants, National and State banks and daily and weekly newspapers. Its manufactories include lumber mills, barrel _ factories, machine shops, iron foundries, veneer and panel works, fur- niture factories, and an oil refinery. The assessed valuation is over $6,000,000. Pop. (1910) 17,842; (1920) 20,050. College in 186G; studied theology in Ger- many. After 1880 he was pastor of the Madison Square Presbyterian Church, retiring in 1917. In 1891, as president of the Society for the Prevention of Crime, he began his attack on the police department of New York City, and was prominent in the Lexow investigation which followed. His writings include: "The Blind Man's Creed" (1883) : "Three Gates on a Side" (1887) ; "Our Fight with Tammany" (1895); "The Sunny Side of Christianity" (1901) ; "A Little Lower Than the Angels" (1909). PARKMAN, FRANCIS, an American historian; born in Boston, Mass., Sept. 16, 1823; was graduated at Harvard in 1844; studied law for two years; then traveled in Europe; and returned to ex- plore the Rocky Mountains. The hard- ships he endured among the Dakota In- dians seriously injured his health, yet in spite of this and defective sight Parkman worked his way to recognition as a his- torical writer on the period of rise and fall of the French dominion in America. He paid many visits to France to ex- amine archives. His books are "The California and Oregon Trail" (1849) "The Conspiracy of Pontiac" (1851) "Pioneers of France in the New World' (1865); "The Book of Roses" (1866) "Jesuits in North America" (1867) "Discovery of the Great West" (1869) "The Old Regime in Canada" (1874), "Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV." (1877); and "Montcalm and Wolfe" (1884). He died in Boston, Mass., Nov. 8, 1893. PARKS, liEIGHTON, clergyman. He was born in New York in 1852 and studied at the General Theological Semi- nary, from which he graduated in 1876. After becoming ordained he became rec- tor of Emmanuel Church, Boston, holding that charge till 1904, when he became rector of St. Bartholomew's Church, New York. From the first he established his reputation as a preacher and in addition showed considerable literary talent. His books include: "His Star in the East"; "The Winning of the Soul and Other Sermons"; "Moral Leadership and Other Sermons." PARKS, NATIONAL. See NATIONAL Parks. PARLEY, PETER. See GOODRICH, S. G. PARKHURST, CHARLES HENRY, PARLIAMENT. Blackstone says an American clergyman and reformer; that the first use of the French word born in Framingham, Mass., April 17, parlement, to signify a General Assembly 1842. He was graduated at Amherst of the State, was under Louis VII. of