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PAROS 126 PARROT camp or garrison, by which friends and foes may be distinguished. It differs from a countersign in being given only to officers, or those who inspect and give orders to the guard, while a counter- sign is given to all guards. PAROS, one of the larger islands of the Cyclades division of the Greek Archi- pelago; a low pyramid in shape, it has an area of 64 square miles; pop. (1918) about 10,000, of whom some 3,000 live in the capital, Paroekia. Wine, figs, and wool are exported. The quarries of the famous white Parian marble are near the summit of Mount St. Elias (ancient Marpessa), and are not yet exhausted. Archilochus and Polygnotus, the painter, were born on Paros. PARR, CATHARINE, the 6th wife of King Henry VIII.; daughter of Sir Thomas Parr; born in 1512. Married first to one Edward Borough, possibly Lord Borough, and afterward to Lord Latimer, she on July 12, 1543, became queen of England by marriage with Henry VIII. She was distinguished for her learning and knowledge of religious subjects, her discussion of which with the king had well nigh brought her to the block. Her tact, however, saved her; for she made it appear to the king's vanity that she had only engaged him in discourse about the Reformation to de- rive profit from his majesty's conversa- tion. ^ She persuaded Henry to restore the right of succession to his daughters. After Henry's death she married (1547) Sir Thomas Seymour, and died in the following year. PARR, SAMUEL WILSON, an Amer- ican educator, born at Granville, 111., in 1857. He graduated from the Univer- sity of Illinois in 1884, afterward study- ing in Germany and Switzerland. In 1891 he was appointed professor of ap- plied chemistry at the University of Illi- nois and was also director and consult- ing chemist of the Illinois State Water Survey. From 1905 he was State Ge- ologist of Illinois. He was a member of many engineering societies and wrote much on subjects relating to chemistry. PARR, THOMAS, better known as Old Parr, born, it is said, in 1483 in Winnington, Shropshire, England. He was buried in Westminster Abbey where a monument records his longevity. His age however, has been disputed. He died in 1635. PARRAKEET, or PARAKEET, a popular name for any of the smaller long-tailed parrots. The word is in com- mon use, but is applied without any strict scientific limitation to birds of different genera, and even of different families. Generally speaking, any old-world par- rot with a moderate bill, long and more or less graduated tail, with the ends of the feathers narrowed, and high and slender tarsi, is called a parrakeet. PARRAMATTA, a town of New South Wales; on a W. extension of Port Jackson, 14 miles W. of Sydney, with which it is connected both by steamer and railway. The streets are wide and regular. "Colonial tweeds," "Parra- matta cloths" (first made at Bradford from wool exported hence). Much fruit, especially the orange, is grown here. Parramatta, formerly called Rosehill, is, after Sydney, the oldest town in the col- ony, having been laid out in 1790. Pop. (1917) 12,250. PARRICIDE, one who murders his father, ancestors, or any one to whom reverence is due. The Athenians had no law against parricides, from an opinion that human atrocity could never reach to the guilt of parricide. This was also originally the case at Rome; but at a la- ter period the delinquent, after being scourged, was placed in a leathern sack, with a dog, a cock, a viper, and an ape, and so cast into the Tiber. The English and American law treat this crime as simple murder. PARRISH, MAXFIELD, an Amer- ican decorator and painter. Born in Phil- adelphia in 1870 and studied at Drexel Institute and Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. His work soon became widely known for its rich colored effects, which are especially good in his illus- trations of the imagination of childhood. Probably his most successful work in illustrating books was achieved in the Arabian Nights. His later work has been chiefly in mural decoration and his largest single piece of work as well as his most successful is the series of sev- enteen panels in the Curtis Publishing Company's Building in Philadelphia. PARRISH, RANDALL, an American writer, born in Henry co., 111., in 1858. Studied at the University of Iowa and was admitted to the bar in that State. He later went to Arizona and New Mexico, and engaged in newspaper work in several cities in the West. He was the author of "When Wilderness Was King" (1904); "Gordon Craig" (1912); "The Red Mist" (1914); "The Devil's Ovm" (1917), and many other books. PARROT, the popular name for any individual of a well-known group of birds from the warmer regions of the