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PAYNE 149 PEABODY Chicago and served as reporter, editorial writer, and editor on the Chicago "Daily News," from 1890 to 1896. He was finan- cial editor of the Chicago "Chronicle" in 1896 and 1897, and the "Economist" in 1897 to 1904. He was a member of the American Institute of Arts and Letters. He wrote "Jerry the Dreamer," 1896; "The Story of Eva," 1901; "The Auto- matic Capitalist," 1909; "The Losing Game," 1909. He also contributed short stories to magazines. PAYNE, WILLIAM MORTON, American educator and author. He was born at Newburyport, Mass., in 1858, and after leaving school held a position in the Public Library at Chicago, taught in high school, and acted as literary edi- tor of the Chicago "Morning News," Chicago "Evening Journal," and "Dial." He varied the rest of his time by writing books and lecturing. His works include : "The New Education"; "Little Lead- ers"; "Various Views"; "Greater Eng- lish Poets of the Nineteenth Century"; "Leading American Essayists"; "Bjorn- stjerne Bjornson"; and translations of Segurd Slembe and Ibsen. He died in 1919. PEA, 'pisiim sativum, an annual with a rounded stem, many alternate com- pound leaflets, two stipules larger than the leaflets, and tendrils at the extremity of the stems or branches. Peduncle axillary, one or more commonly two flowered; flowers white or pale violet; legumes oblong or scimiter shaped, pen- dulous. It is believed that the pea is a native of southern Europe. It has run into many varieties. PEABODY, a town in Essex co., Mass.; on the Boston and Maine rail- road; 2 miles W. of Salem. It com- prises North Peabody, South Peabody, West Peabody, and a number of other villages. Here are the Peabody Insti- tute and Library, the Sutton Reference Library, a high school, and National and savings banks. It has manufactures of leather, morocco, sheep skin, boots and shoes, woolen goods, electric supplies, thermometers etc. Prior to 1868 the town was called South Danvers ; and was then named Peabody in honor of George Peabody, who was born here. Pop. (1910) 15,721; (1920) 19,553. PEABODY, GEORGE, an American philanthropist; born in Danvers, Mass., in 1795. He was descended from an English family, and his parents being poor, George received but a scanty edu- cation, becoming grocer's clerk at the age of 11. He became chief clerk, and, afterward, partner with his uncle, John Peabody, in Georgetown, D. C, in 1812. Not satisfied, however, with their busi- ness relations, George left his uncle and joined partnership with Mr. Elisha Riggs in the drygoods business in Baltimore, in 1815. In 1837 he withdrew from the firm, and established himself as banker in London, where he amassed a fortune which enabled him to fully carry out his benevolent ideas. He was particularly devoted to promoting education. Com- mencing with his native place of Dan vers, Mass., where he bestowed $270,00C for the cause of education, his purse was always open to assist the good work, not only in the land of his birth, but throughout the world. To the city of Baltimore he donated for this purpose the sum of $1,400,000; to the Board of Trustees for the promotion of education in the South, he gave $3,500,000. In 1862 he established a Board of Trustees for the amelioration of the condition of the poor of London, to which he con- tributed at various times trfe amount of $2,500,000. After his decease, in 1869, his remains were, by command of Queen Victoria, temporarily interred in the royal vault in Westminster Abbey and, subsequently, conveyed with state by the British ship of war "Monarch," escorted by an American war-steamer, to the United States, to be finally deposited, amid imposing manifestations of inter- national respect, at Danvers (now Peav body), Mass., in March, 1870. PEABODY, GEORGE FOSTER, an American banker and philanthropist. Bom at Columbus, Ga., July 27, 1852. After completing his education he entered business and rapidly attained distinction. Many of his investments have been in Mexico. He became pres- ident of the Compania Metallurgica Mexicana and a director in at least five or six other concerns with holdings in Mexican copper and lead. In politics he belongs to the Democratic party, being treasurer of the National Committee from 1896 to 1905. A great deal of time and money have been spent by Mr. Pea- body in the cause of Southern education. He is a trustee of both Hampton and Tuskegee Institutes. PEABODY, JOSEPHINE PRESTON, an American poet and dramatist. She was born in New York, was educated at Radcliffe College, and for two years end- ing in 1903 taught literature at Welles- ley. She married Prof. Marks in 1906. Her works include "The Wayfarers"; "A Book of Verse"; "Fortune and Men's Eyes"; "New Poems, with a Play"; "Marlowe," a drama; "The Singing Leaves"; "The Wings," a drama; "The