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ODIN (EDEMA tensity of the heat, which frequently reaches 120°, and destroys the vegetation of the vicinity. Odessa is the emporium for the produce of Southern Russia, and owes its rapid growth to its being a free port. The great trade of the town and its principal export, is corn, which, gar- nered here from the adjacent Ukraine and Moldavia, is shipped to almost every part of Europe. Odessa was founded by Catherine II., in 1794. Pop. about 600,000. Odessa was the scene of anti- Jewish riots in 1905-1906, when many persons were killed. The mutinous Black Sea fleet also threatened the city. The port was closed during the Balkan War, 1912-1913. It was bombarded by a Turkish fleet in the World War in 1914. ODIN. See WODEN. ODOACER, the first barbarian King of Italy, son of one of Attila's officers; born about 434. He entered into the Im- perial guards, in which he rose to an honorable rank. In 476 he was chosen chief of a confederate army, and was saluted by them King of Italy. He de- feated the patrician Orestes at Pavia, banished his son, Romulus Augustus, last Roman emperor, and made Ravenna the seat of his kingdom. In 489, Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, invaded Italy, and Odoacer was three times defeated. He made a treaty with Theodoric, by which they were to rule jointly. But af- ter a few days, Odoacer was assassi- nated by his conquerer, March 5, 493. ODOMETER, an instrument employed for registering^ the number of revolu- tions of a carriage wheel, to which it is attached. O'DONAGHUE, DENIS, an Amer- ican Roman Catholic bishop, born in Daviess co., Ind., in 1848. He was edu- cated at Meinrad's College and at St. Thomas* Seminary, after studying theol- ogy at the Grand Seminary, Montreal. He became a priest in 1874 and was ap- pointed assistant priest of St. John's Church, Ind. For 21 years he was chan- cellor of Vincennes Diocese, and from 1895 to 1910 was rector of St. Patrick's Churchy Ind. He was made auxiliary bishop m 1900 and was appointed bishop of Louisville, Ky., in 1910. ODONATA. See Dragon Fly. O'DONNELL, LEOPOLD, a Spanish military officer; born in Santa Cruz, Ten- eriffe, Jan. 12, 1809. He was descended from an ancient Irish family, entered the Spanish army and espoused the cause of the infant Queen Isabella against Don Carlos (see Carlists). When the Carl- ists were overthrown he was created Chief of the Staff to Espartero. He took the side of the queen-mother in 1840, emi- grated with her to France. In 1843 his intrigues against Espartero were suc- cessful; and he was rewarded by the governor-generalship of Cuba. When he returned to Spain (1848) he intrigued against Bravo Murillo and Narvaez; was made war minister by Espartero in 1854 ; but plotted against his benefactor, and in 1856 supplanted him by a coup d'etat. He was in three months' time succeeded by Narvaez, but in 1858 he returned to power; in 1859 he commanded the army in Morocco, took the Moorish camp, and the city of Tetuan surrendered, where- upon he was made Duke of Tetuan. In 1866 his cabinet was upset by Narvaez, and he died in Bayonne, France, Nov. 5, 1867. O'DONOVAN, WILLIAM RUDOLF, an American sculptor, born in Preston CO., Va., in 1884. He served in the Con- federate Army and after the war estab- lished a studio in New York City, where he executed many portrait busts of well- known people, including Walt Whitman, General Wheeler and others. He also made statues of Washington for Caracas, Venezuela, and many monuments and statues for American cities and institu- tions. He was one of the founders of the Tile Club. ODONTOGLOSSUM, an extensive genus of orchidSj natives of Central America, much prized by cultivators for their magnificent flowers, which are re- markable both for their size and the beauty of their colors. A considerable number of species have been introduced into Europe. ODYSSEY, a celebrated epic poem at- tributed to Homer, and descriptive of the adventures of Ulysses in his return home from the siege of Troy. (ECUMENICAL, universal, an epi- thet applied to the general councils of the Church. From the time of the Coun- cil of Chalcedon (451) the patriarchs of Constantinople took the title of oecumeni- cal, in the same sense as the epithet Catholic is used in the Western Church. See Council. (EDEMA, a swelling occasioned by the presence of water which collects in the interstices of the cellular tissues. The subcutanous cellular tissue is the most frequent, but not the only seat of oedema. The other forms are oedema of the lungs and of the glottis. (Edema of the brain is of less frequent occurrence, and oedema of the sub-mucous and sub- cellular tissue seldom produces symptoms