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PEIXOTTO 161 PEKING papers on the constitution of Saturn's rings (1851-1855) were equally remark- able. His great "Treatise on Analytic Mechanics" appeared in 1857; and he left his mark on various departments of mathematical and astronomical investi- gation. He died in Cambridge, Mass., Oct. 6, 1880. PEIXOTTO, ERNEST CLIFFORD, American artist; born in San Francisco, Cal., in 18&9. Studied art in Paris and exhibited at the Paris Salons and in many leading American exhibitions. From 1897 his chief work was that of illustrator. He lived for many years in Europe, where he wrote and illustrated articles for Scribner's and other maga- railroads. Its industries include the manufacture of agricultural implements, wagons, carriages, brick and tile, foun- dry products, etc. It is the center of an important coal producing and agricul- tural region and has a considerable grain market. It has an important shipping trade by rail and water. Its public buildings include a library, a court house, government buildings, and public school buildings. Pop. (1910) 9,897; (1920) 12,086. PEKING, or PEKIN, the capital of the Chinese republic, province of Chih-Je, or Pechili, in a vast sandy plain, be- tween the Pei-ho and its important af- fluent, the Hoang-ho, 562 miles N. W. of GATEWAY OF THE HALL OF CLOSSUS, PEKING zines. He was an associate of the Na- tional Academy and a member of the National Society of Mural Painters. PEKAN, Mustela pennanti, Pennant's marten, a North American species, larger than those found in Great Britain, be- ing about four feet long, including the tail. Its face is dog-like; fur brown, with white patches on chest and belly. Its favorite food is said to be the Cana- dian porcupine (Erythizon dorsatus) , but it often steals the fish used to bait traps, whence it is sometimes called the fisher. PEKIN, a city of Illinois, the county- seat of Tazewell co. It is on the Illinois river, and on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis, the Chicago and Alton, the Illinois Central, and other Nankin, and 100 miles W. N. W. of the Gulf of Pechili, in the Yellow Sea. It consists of two contiguous cities, each separately surrounded by walls, and to- gether entered by 16 gates. The entire circumference is 25 miles. The north- ern city, which is nearly a perfect square (called Nei-tching, or the inner city, and sometimes the "Imperial" and "Tartar City"), consists of three inclosures. The inner inclosure, or "forbidden city," sur- rounded by walls of yellow tiles, 2 miles in circumference, hence called the "Yel- low Wall," contains the palaces of the former emperor and empress. The southern city, called the Wai-ching, or "outer city," is also square, and occu- pied by the Chinese, and is both the seat of business and the residence of most of the population. The wall is 30 feet high, 25 feet thick at the base, and 12 feet at