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PIEBPONT 247 PIETIST JBchools of his native State and at Bow- 1840; became a member of the Ohio bar. doin College, where he studied in com- He was elected a judge of the Superior pany with Longfellow, Hawthorne, and Court of New York in 1857; was ap- Prentiss, graduating in 1824. He was pointed a colleague of Gen. John A. Dix admitted to the bar in 1827, and in to try the prisoners of war confined in 1829 was elected to the New Hampshire various prisons and forts of the country Legislature. In 1833 he entered Con- in 1862. He was one of the counsel for gress, serving four years, and in 1837 John H. Surrat, indicted for complicity was elected to the United States Senate, in the murder of President Lincoln; in being the youngest member of that body, 1875 became attorney-general of the "which contained such men as Webster, United States in Grant's administra- Clay, Calhoun, Benton, Buchanan, and tion; and in the following year was ap- Silas Wright. In 1842 he resigned from pointed United States minister to Great the Senate and retired to private life. Britain. He tried many famous cases He engaged in public debate with John during his professional career, and was P. Hale on the slavery question, Pierce noted as an orator. He died in New advocating the constitutional right of York City, March 6, 1892. that institution. In 1846 he enlisted for . , ^, the Mexican War, was appointed briga- „ PIERROT, a comic character on the dier and fought in the battles of Con- French stage, dressed like the harlequin treras and Churubusco. After the war and playing the part of a cunning but he continued the practice of law, fre- cowardly rogue. Also the modern pier- quently advocating the political princi- rot of the stage who whitens his face, pies of the Democratic party in public, wears a while loose suit with large black and favoring the compromise measures P'^sh buttons down the front of the of 1850, including the Fugitive Slave coat, and a black skull cap. He is often Law. In 1852 he was nominated for the J^e hero of poetic or pastoral love presidency on the 49th ballot, by the dramas.^ Democratic National Convention, and PIETA, in painting and sculpture, a was elected by an electoral majority over representation of the Virgin, embracing General Scott of 254 to 42. During his the dead Christ. In St. Peter's at Rome administration the Missouri Compromise is a Pieta by Michael Angelo. was repealed, a reciprocity treaty for trade with the British American colonies PIETERMARITZBURG, or MARITZ- was made; a treaty with Japan was es- BURG, capital of the province of Natal tablished; and the Mexican boundary (q. v.). It occupies a fine situation near disputes settled. After his term expired, the Umgeni river, 54 miles N. of Durban. he traveled abroad and, returning, lived It is the seat of government, headquar- thereafter in retirement at Concord, ters of the military, and its municipal where he died, Oct. 8, 1869. affairs are managed by a mayor and town council. It takes its name from PIERPONT, JOHN, an American its founders, the Boer leaders Pietev poet; born m Litchfield, Conn., April 6, Retief and Gert Maritz. There is rail- 1785. He became a Unitarian clergy- ^ay connection with Durban, and also man and served as chaplain in the Civil to the borders of the Orange River War. Among his works is "Airs of Colony and the Transvaal. Pop. about Palestine, and Other Poems'" (1840). 35,000. One of his best known poems is "War- ren's Address at the Battle of Bunker PIETIST, a member of a party of re- Hill." He died in Medford, Mass., Aug. formers in the Lutheran Church in the 27, 1866. 17th century. The leader of the move- .__„.r.-r,-r, -x J' a J.1- Tx 1 X j-t. ment, an Alsatian, Philip Jacob Spener PIERRE a city of South Dakota, the (1635-1705), when pastor in Frankfort, capital of the State and the county-seat j„ ^g^Q ^^s in the habit of holding pri- of Hughes CO. It is _ on the Missouri ^^^^ gatherings in which the Scriptures river and on the Chicago and North- ^^^^ explained practically rather than western railroad. The city has a State dogmatically, and, thifi movement library, a government school foi- In- spreading, Spener published a work, dians, the State eapitol, library, a hand- ..^hree Desirable Things of Religion," some Federal Building, hospitals _ and ^^ ^y^^^^ ^^ deplored the incessant schools. It is an extensive stock raising preaching of dogma, and formulated the and farming community. The city is Opinion that a virtuous life was of more supplied with natural gas. importance than a correct creed. After PIERREPONT, EDWARDS, an Amer- Spener's death the executive interfered, ican diplomatist; born in North Haven, and proscribed the open profession of Conn., March 4, 1817; was graduated at Pietism, so that its professors had no Yale in 1837, and at its Law School in opportunity of forming a new sect.