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PBIAM 344 PRIESTLEY Autumn" (1893); "The Mill at Naza- reth" (1894); "The Demi-Virgins" (1894) ; "Les Verges Fortes" (1901) ; "Monsieur et Madame Moloch" (1906) ; "Lettres a Frangoise Mariee" (1910) ; etc. PBIAM, a King of Phrygia, and the last sovereign of Troy. Soon after his accession, the discovery of a gold mine in his kingdom enabled him to enlarge and beautify his capital, and raise a powerful army. By his first wife he had only one child; but by Hecuba, his second queen, he had a numerous family. The perfidy of his son Paris in eloping v/ith Helen led to the long and fatal war, which, after enduring for 10 years, ter- minated in the entire overthrow of the state, death of most of his sons, and his own murder by Pyrrhus, about 1184 B. c. PRIBILOF ISLANDS, a group of islands on the coast of Alaska, m Bering Sea. The largest are St, Paul, St. George, Walrus, and Beaver Islands. They are frequented by numbers of fur seals. The natives are Aleutians. PRIBRAM, a mining town of Bo- hemia, 48 miles S. S. W. of Prague, with important lead and silver mines, and various manufactures. There is a min- ing academy, and a church much fre- quented by pilgrims. Pop. about 14,000. PRICE, RICHARD, an English philos- opher; born in Tynton, Glamorganshire, Feb, 22, 1723. He was a Dissenting minister, friend of Benjamin Frank- lin, and sympathized warmly with the American colonists. His tables of vital statistics and calculations of expectancy of life were the basis of modern ^ an- nuities and life insurance. His princi- pal writings are: "An Appeal to the Public on the Subject of the National Debt" (1771) ; "Civil Liberty and the Justice and Policy of the War with America" (1776) ; "The American Revolution and the Means of Rendering It a Benefit to the World" (1784). He died April 19, 1791. PRICE, STERLING, an American military officer; born in Prince Edward CO., Va., Sept. 11, 1809. Settled in Mis- souri in 1831; was elected to Congress in 1844; served in the Mexican War as colonel and Brigadier-General of volun- teers; was military governor of Chihua- hua in 1847; governor of Missouri in 1853-1857, and president of the State Convention in February, 1861. When the Civil War broke out he joined the Confederate army, and became Major- General in May, 1861. Was commander of the Department of the W. in 1862, and afterward of the districts of Tennessee and Trans-Mississippi. He died in St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 29, 1867. PRICKLY ASH, a name given to sev- eral prickly shrubs of the United States. PRICKLY HEAT, a skin disease, characterized by minute papulae formed by the hyperaemia of the sweat follicles. PRICKLY PEAR, Opuntia vulgaris, natural order Castaceas, othervidse called Indian fig. The fruit is purplish in color, covered with fine prickles, and edi- ble. It is a native of the tropical parts of America, whence it has been intro- duced into Europe, Mauritius, Arabia, Syria, and China. PRIDE, THOMAS, an English mili- tary officer; one of the most resolute of Cromwell's soldiers; born in London of humble origin. He commanded a bri- gade under Cromwell in Scotland, and, when the House of Commons betrayed a disposition to effect a settlement with the king, was appointed by the army to purge it of its Presbyterian royalist members. The House, reduced to about 80 members, brought the king to justice. Colonel Pride sat among his judges, and signed the death-warrant. He died Oct. 23, 1658. PRIE-DIEXJ, a kneeling desk for prayers. PRIENE, anciently one of the 12 cities of Ionia; stood a little N. W. of the mouth of the Maeander in Caria. PRIEST, one who in any religion per- forms the sacred rites and, more or less, intervenes between the worshiper and his God, especially by offering sacrifice. In the Anglican Church, a clergyman in priest's orders, as distinguished from a deacon. Only a priest can administer the Holy Communion and read the Ab- solution. In the Roman Church, a cleric who has received the third grade in holy orders, and who is thereby empowered to "offer, bless, rule, preach, and baptize." PRIESTLEY, JOSEPH, an English natural philosopher; born in Fieldhead, England, March 13, 1733. He was pas- tor of an Independent church and while tutor in a seminary he published the "History and Present State of Electric- ity," which procured his election into the Royal Society. It was here also that his political opinions were first mani- fested, in an "Essay on Government." He went to Leeds, where he made those important discoveries with regard to the properties of fixed air, for which he re- ceived the Copley medal of the Royal Society in 1772. In 1776 he communi- cated to the same learned body his ob-