Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 07.djvu/540

RECTOR 454 RED CROSS RECTOR, in the Established Church of England a clergyman who has charge of a parish, and has the parsonage and tithes; the clergyman of a parish where the tithes are not impropriate, as distinguished from a vicar. In the Ro- man Catholic Church, the head of a re- ligious house; among the Jesuits, the head of a house that is a seminary or college. Also the principal of a univer- sity in France and Scotland, also the heads of Exeter and Lincoln Colleges, Oxford. In Scotland the headmaster of an academy, or important public school. _ RECTUM, in anatomy, the lov/est por- tion of the large intestine extending from the sigmoid flexure of the colon to the anus. RECUSANT, one who is obstinate in refusing; one who will not conform to general opinion or practice. In English history, one who refused to acknowledge the sovereign's supremacy, or who re- fused or neglected to attend divine serv- ice in the Established Church, and to worship according to its forms and rites. It differed from a non-conformist in that it included popish recusants. RED, a color resembling that of ar- terial blood; the color of that part of the solar spectrum which is farthest from violet; one of the three primary colors. Also a pigment. The most use- ful red pigments are carmine, vermilion {sulphuret of mercury), chrome-red, scarlet-lake (biniodide of mercury), madder-lake, light red, burnt sienna; these are yellow reds. Venetian red, In- dian red (carbonate of oxide of iron), and crimson-lake are blue reds. RED ADMIRAL BUTTERFLY (Vanessa Atalanta) , the popular name of a common butterfly. The anterior vvings are marked by a broad red band, outside of which are six white markings, while^ a bluish streak follows the wing margin. _ The posterior wings are bor- dered with red, dotted with black spots, and have two bluish markings on the in- ner angles. REDAN, in fortifications, a work hav- ing tAvo faces forming a salient angle in the direction from which an attack may be expected. It is open at the gorge. A double redan has a re-entering angle for mutual defense. The redan is the simplest field work, and is used for de- fending the avenues of approach to a village, bridge, or defile. In front of another field work, it is called a fieche. When flanks are added to the faces, the work becomes a detached bastion or lunette. REDAN, THE, one of the strongest Russian fortifications on the S. side of Sebastopol. It was unsuccessfully as- saulted by the English on June 5 and Sept. 8, 1855. The retirement of the Russians to the N. side left, on the latter date, the place in the hands of the allies. RED BANK, a town in Monmouth CO., N. J., on the Shrewsbury river, and on the Pennsylvania and the Central of New Jersey railroads; 26 miles S. of New York, The town has regular steamboat connection with New York. Here are a public library, high school, National banks, and weekly newspapers. There is a considerable trade in fish and oysters. The town has manufactories of gold-leaf, carriages, and canned goods. Pop. (1910) 7,398; (1920) 9,251. RED BAT, in zoology, Atalapha novasboracensis, from the temperate parts of North America. Length about two inches; fur long and silky, generally light russet, tinged with yellow, darker and richer on the back. RED-BILLED CURLEW, in ornithol- ogy, Ibidorhynchus struthersi, found only in the Himalaya Mountains and the hills of central Asia, REDBIRD, the popular name of sev- eral birds in the United States, as the Tanagra asstiva or summer red bird, the Tanagra rubra, and the Baltimore oriole or hang nest. RED BOOK, an English government book containing the names of all persons in the service of the state. RED BROCKET, in zoology, the Cervus rufus or Subulo rufus. It is about 30 inches high, reddish-brovinti; vnth simple, unbranched antlers; fe- males hornless. Habitat, the low, moist woods of South America, RED CEDAR, a species of juniper (Juniperiis virginiana) found in North America and the West Indies; the heart wood is of a bright red, smooth, and moderately soft, and is in much request for the outsides of black lead pencils. RED CORAL (Corallium rubrum), an important genus of sclerobasic corals belonging to the order Alcyonaria. Red coral is highly valued for the manufac- ture of jewelry, and is obtained from the coasts of Sicily, Italy, and other parts of the Mediterranean, RED CROSS, THE, is a society organ- ized under governmental authority to furnish volunteer relief to the sick and wounded of armies in time of war and to all who may need relief in time of great national calamities ; and to prevent other