Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 07.djvu/549

BEED 463 BEED WARBLER onet, bassoon, oboe, and bagpipe, so called from its being made from the outer layer of a reed (Ai-undo sativa or donax) found in the S. of Europe. The name is also applied to the speaking part of the organ, though made of metal. Reeds are generally divided into two kinds — the beating reed, used in the organ, clarionet, etc., requiring to be placed within a tube to produce a musical sound, and the free reed, used in instru- ments of the harmonium and concertina kind. REED, ANDREW, an English philan- thropist; born in London, England, Nov. 27, 1787; was educated in his native city and in 1811 was there ordained pastor of an independent congregation. He visited the United States in 1834, where he studied educational and reli- gious conditions. In 1813 he established the London Orphan Asylum; in 1827 the Infant Orphan Asylum; in 1847 the Asylum for Fatherless Children in Croy- don; and later the Royal Hospital for Incurables and the Royal Asylum for Idiots. He was the author of "Martha" (1836); "The Day of Pentecost"; "The Revival of Religion" and "Earnest Piety Essential to Eminent Usefulness" (1839) ; and "Advancement of Religion the Claim of the Times" (1847) ; etc. He died in London, England, Feb. 25, 1862. JAMES A. REED REED, JAMES A., United States Senator from Missouri; born in Ohio in 1861, he was educated at Coe College, Iowa, and admitted to the bar at Cedar Rapids in the same State. In 1887 he moved to Missouri, where he became a leader in the Democratic party in the State. From 1900 to 1904 he served as mayor of Kansas City, and was elected to the Senate for the term 1911-1917. In 1917 he was re-elected, and during this term he broke from the leader- ship of President Wilson and became one of the bitterest opponents of the League of Nations as championed by the President. REED, THOMAS BRACKETT, an American statesman; born in Portland, Me., Oct. 18, 1839; was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1860; studied law; appointed assistant paymaster United States navy in 1864; admitted to the Portland bar; member of the Maine Legislature 1868-1869, and of the Senate 1870; State attorney-general, 1870-1872; member of Congress 1877-1899; and speaker of 51st, 54th, and 55th Con- gresses. In 1896 Mr. Reed was a prom- inent candidate for the Republican presi- dential nomination. He resigned from Congress in 1899, and entered the prac- tice of law in New York City. He died in 1902. REED BUNTING, the Emberiza schaeniclus, common in swampy places, all over Europe, length of male, six inches; head, chin, and throat black; belly and nuchal collar white ; upper sur- face brownish black, each feather bor- dered with bright bay. Called also reed sparrow. REED COLLEGE, an educational in- stitution at Portland, Ore. It is co- educational and non-sectarian. In 1919 it had 338 students enrolled in its arts and science course, and had a faculty numbering 20. The college has an en- dowment of over $3,000,000. The presi- dent is William T. Foster. REED MACE, a plant of the genus Typha, natural order Typhaceae. Tv.o species are common, T. lati folia, or great- er reed mace, and T. angustifolia, the lesser. These plants are also known by the name of cat-tail, and grow in ditches and marshy places, and in the borders of ponds, lakes, and rivers. They are some- times erroneously called bulrush. REED WARBLER, the Acrocephalus streperus, a summer migrant to tem- perate Europe late in April, and leaving late in September. It is an incessant songster, and its notes are varied and pleasing. The male is about 5H inches long, upper surface uniform pale brown, with a tinge of chestnut; chin, throat, and belly white.