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BENDSBUBQ 496 RENNIE "The Apostles" (1866); "St, Paul" (1867); "The Antichrist" (1873); "The Gospels" (1877) ; "The Christian Church" (1879), and "Marcus Aurelius" (1880), all written from the standpoint of one who disbelieves in the supernatural claims of Christianity. Renan's latest important work is the "History of the People of Israel till the Time of King David." Other works are "General His- tory and Comparative System of Semitic Languages," "Studies in Religious His- tory," "Discourses and Lectures," several philosophical dramas, and his personal reminiscences called "Recollections of Childhood and Youth." He became a member of the French Academy in 1878. He died Oct. 2, 1892. RENDSBURG, a town of Schleswig- Holstein, Prussia, on the North Sea and Baltic Canal, 19 miles W. of Kiel. Pop. about 20,000. Rendsburg was taken by the Imperialists in 1627; by the Swedes in 1643; and by the Prussians and con- federate troops in 1848. The first diet of Schleswig and Holstein met there April 3, 1848. It was reoccupied by the Danes in 1852, and taken by the Prus- sians after a serious conflict July 21, 1864. RENE, surnamed The Good, Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence, and King of Sicily; born in Angers, France, Jan. 16, 1409; son of Louis II., Count of Anjou. He married in 1420 Isabella of Lorraine, but was driven from that duchy and kept prisoner by the Duke of Burgundy for several years. He succeeded his brother, Louis III., in 1434, and was chosen suc- cessor to the kingdom of Naples by Queen Joanna II.; was liberated in 1436, and v/as afterward engaged in war for thi-ee years with Alfonso of Aragon. Being unsuccessful in this conquest, Rene retired to Provence. His daughter Margaret was married, in 1445, to Henry VI. of England. On the seizure of An- jou by Louis XI. of France, in 1473, Rene retired to Aix, in Provence, where he died in 1480. His work on tourna- ments, and some of his poems and paint- ings, are still extant. RENFREW, a town in Scotland, on the S. bank of the Clyde, 6 miles below Glasgow. Its charter of regality dates from 1396, but it was a burgh at least as early as the reign of David I. (1124- 1153.) A knoll called Castlehill commem- orates the site of Renfrew castle, the original seat of the royal house of Stew- art. The principal industries are ship- building and weaving. RENIERA, in zoology, the type-genus of Renierinse, with 12 species. Sponges, easily crumbled, elump-like masses; canal system like that of Halisarca. Skeleton of four, five, or three sided, or polygonal meshes; spicules acerated, pointed, or rounded off, and connected by horny matter at their ends only. Distribution, probably world-wide. RENIERINiE, in zoology, a group in- cluding all sponges which resemble Re- niera in having a skeleton formed of loose network of acerate or cylindrical spicules, (renera: Amorphina, Pel' Una, Eumastia, FolioUna, Tedania, Schmidtia, Plicatella, and Auletta. Dis- tribution, world-wide. RENNENKAMPF, PAUL K. VON, a Russian (General; born in the Baltic provinces in 1854; received a military education, was commissioned and, by 1900, had risen to the rank of major- general. In the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) he acquired prominence as the commander of a division of Cossack cavalry. During the early part of the World War he commanded an army in East Prussia, but, being repeatedly de- feated, was finally retired. RENNES, the former capital of the province of Brittany, France, 234 miles W. S. W. of Paris. A seven days' fire in 1720 destroyed nearly 4,000 houses. Four bridges connect the upper or new town and the lower or old town, and the most noteworthy of the public buildings are the cathedral, finished in 1844, and Italian in style; Notre Dame, with its dome surmounted by a huge image of the Virgin; the archbishop's palace (1672); the stately court house (1618-1654) ; the university buildings (1855), with a pic- ture gallery; the theater (1835); the Hotel de Ville, with a public library; and the Lycee. As the focus of main and branch lines of railway between Paris and the N. W. of France, and command- ing good river and canal navigation, Rennes is favorably situated for com- merce. Its ^ manufactures include sail cloth, table linen, etc. The second court- martial of Captain Dreyfus was held in Rennes during the summer of 1899. Pop. about 80,000. RENNET, an aqueous infusion of the dried stomach of the calf. It is a valua- ble agent in the coagulation of the casein of milk preparatory to the manu- facture of cheese. Also several sub- varie- ties of apple, with more or less spotted fruit; ground color gray, or golden. There is a French and a Canadian ren- net; called also a queen. RENNIE, GEORGE, an English civil engineer, eldest son of John Rennie; born in Surrey, England, Jan. 3, 1791; educated at St. Paul's School, London, and at Edinburgh University. In 1811