Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 07.djvu/594

RESIDENCE 508 RESORCIN place is Enzeli, on the other side of the bay, and 16 miles distant. Pop. between 30,000 and 40,000. RESIDENCE, The length of time which a person shall remain within the limits of a state in order to give him a legal residence there, varies in the differ- ent commonwealths, each government be- ing the judge of the qualifications neces- sary to entitle a denizen to claim per- manent residence within its boundaries. An alien who desires to become a natural- ized citizen of the United States must prove a residence of five years in the country previous to admittance to the rights of adoption. RESIDUARY LEGATEE, the legatee to whom is bequeathed the residue of goods and personal estate after deduct- ing all the debts and specific legacies. RESIN, OR ROSIN, a widely dis- tributed class of vegetable substances, characterized by being insoluble in wa- ter, soluble to different degrees in alco- hol, ether, and liquid hydrocarbons, soft- ening or melting at a moderate heat, and at a higher temperature burning witk a smoky, luminous flame. RESINA, a town in Italy, suburb of Naples, on the Gulf of Naples, close to Vesuvius, on the site of ancient Hercula- neumu Set in a scene of great natural beauty, where fruits and flowers and vineyards abound. Industries include silk, glass, leather, oil and wire making. From spring onward visitors flock from all parts of the world. Ascent to Vesu- vius begins here, and Pompeii is nearby. Pop. about 20,000. RESIST, in dyeing, a material applied to cotton cloth to prevent the action of a mordant or color on those portions to which it is applied in the form of a pattern. RESISTANCE, in electricity, the op- position offered by any conductor to the passage of an electric current. For unit of resistance, see Ohm. In physics, a power by which motion or a tendency to motion in any body is impeded If a weight be placed upon a beam which bears it up, the force which does so is the resistance opposed to its further descent. The resistance of the water, which is of greater specific gravity than a cork, causes the latter to keep the surface in- stead of sinking to bottom. The resist- ance of the air impedes fhe movement of a projectile. In mechanics: Solid of least resistance, solid of such a form as to experience, in moving in a fluid, less resistance than any other solid; having the same base, length, and vol- ume; or, on the other hand, being sta- tionary, to offer the least interruption to the progress of that fluid. In the for- mer case it is the best form for the stem of a ship; in the latter, for the pier of a bridge. RES JUDICATA, in law, a term meaning that the subject matter of an action has been already decided by a court of competent jurisdiction. A mat- ter so decided cannot again be made a ground of action between the same parties. RESOLUTION, in law, a solemn judg- ment or decision. In 'mathematics, the operation of separating any expression into factors; that is, the operation of finding two or more expressions such that their product is equal to the given expressions. Resolution of an equation: The same as reduction of an equation. In medicine, the passing away, without suppuration, of a tumor or of inflamma- tion. In music, the process of relieving dissonance by succeeding consonance. Resolution of a nebula: In astronomy, the demonstration by means of a very powerful telescope, that the diffused light of a nebula is really that of a multitude of exceedingly distant stars. RESONANCE, OR RESONANCY, in acoustics, (1) Sound reflected by a sur- face less than 112.5 feet from the spot whence it originally traveled. The direct and the reflected sounds are con- founded, but the one strengthens the other. Bare walls tend to be resonant; walls hung with tapestry are not so. (2) The increase of sound produced by a sounding board, or by the body of a musical instrument. In medicine, a more or less shrill sound heard by aus- cultation in the larynx or lungs of a per- son speaking, or of one affected with chest disease. RESONATOR, an instrument invented by Professor Helmholtz for facilitating the analysis of compound sounds. It consists, in its simplest form, of a taper- ing tube or a hollow bulb, spherical or nearly so in form, having an opening at one side for the air, and a tube adapted to the ear at the other. When the in- strument is fitted to one ear, the other being stopped, tones above or below the pitch of the resonator will be but imper- fectly heard; but if a note be sounded correspondingly to its pitch the note will be intensified. RESORCIN, a colorless crystalline compound prepared on a large sca^e by the action of sulphuric acid on benzi^ne, and by the treatment of the resulting compound with caustic soda. It yields a fine purple-red coloring matter and sev- eral other dyes used in dyeing and calico printing, is a powerful disinfectant and deodorizer, and is used as a medical drug.