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ORTLEB-SPITZE 52 ORTLER-SPITZE, or OBTLER, a mountain of the Alps, in Tyrol, near the borders of Switzerland and Italy, the highest of the Austrian and German Alps; height, 12,814 feet. The group to which this mountain belongs is known as the Ortler Alps. ORTOLAN, a gardener. In ornithology, Emberiza hortulana, a native of conti- nental Europe and Western Asia, migrat- ing S. in winter, though it is unknown whither, returning about the end of April or the end of May. In appearance and habits it much resembles the yellow- hammer, but the head is greenish-gray. ORTON, EDWARD, JR., an Ameri- can educator, born in Chester, N. Y. in 1863. He graduated from Ohio State University in 1884 and for four years afterwards served as chemist in a blast furnace. He was the first to begin the manufacture of "ferro-silicon" as an al- loy of iron in the United States, Large- ly through his efforts a school for in- struction in the technology of clay, glass and cement industries was established. From 1902 to 1906 he was dean of the College of Engineering at the Ohio State University, serving again in that ca- pacity from 1910 to 1916. He served as major in the Quartermaster Service in 1917. He was a member of many im- portant professional societies. He wrote many reports on clay industries _ and many technical articles for professional magazines. ORTYX, in ornithology, a genus of Perdicinie; bill short, very high, the tip hooked; lateral toes, unequal; hinder toe, none, confined to America. O. virginia- tiiis is the Virginian quaiL ORURO, capital of the department of Oruro, in Bolivia; on a saline plain 11,- 960 feet above the sea, near the salt lake of Aullagas, and possesses mines of sil- ver, gold, and tin. Founded in 1606, it had 70,000 inhabitants in the 17th cen- tury, pop. about 25,000. ORVIETO, a city of Italy, province of Perugia; 78 miles N. N. W. of Rome; crowns an isolated tufa rock, which rises 765 feet above the river Pagalia, and 1,327 above sea-level. The cruciform cathedral (1290-1580), one of the most beautiful and richly adorned specimens of Italian (Jothic, is built of black and white marble, and measures 295 feet by 109. The interior also is magnificently decorated with sculptures and with paint- ings by Luca Signorelli, Fra Angelico, etc. The bishop's palace and St. Pat- rick's Well (1527-1540), with its 250 steps, are also noteworthy. Orvieto, O'RYAN called in the 7th century A. D. Urbs Vetus in the Middle Ages gave shelter to 32 Popes. Pop. (1911) with suburbs, about 20,000. O'RYAN, JOHN F., an American army officer. He was born in New York, 1874, and after attending Catho- lic public schools, studied at College of the City of New York from 1890 to 1893. In 1898 he graduated as LL.B. from New York University, being in the same year admitted to the bar, be- coming member of the firm Corbin & GENERAL JOHN F. O'RYAN O'Ryan. In 1897 he enlisted as a pri- vate in Company G, 7th Infantry, Na- tional Guard, New York and from 1900 commanded as second lieutenant the 2d Battery. He became first lieutenant in 1904, and captain of the 1st Battery in 1907. In 1911 he was promoted Ma- jor of the 2d Battalion Field Artillery and in 1912 became Major-General com- manding the National Guard of New York. He commanded the New York Division on the Mexican border in 1916 and after the United States had declar- ed war with the Central Powers was in 1917 appointed by President Wilson com- mander of the 27th Division, National Guard, and later Major-General in Eu- rope. He was through all the campaigns with the National Guard during the World War, and on his return to the United States with his war-tried veter- ans in 1919 was given a great popular reception.